Department of Heart Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Ru Lin, Li-Jun Yang & Wen-Ting Zhao

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Xiang-Ming Fan, Li-Yang Yin & Qiang Shu

Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China

Jing-Hua Ruan & Kai-Yun Gu

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Chun-Hong Xie, Song-Ling Fu & Wei Wang

Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Shan-Shan Shi, Yun-Xiang Qiu, Jia-Jie Fan & Jun Zhou

Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Zi-Ying Jin

Department of Ultrasound, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Jing-Jing Ye

Operating Room, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Hang-Yan Zhao

National Clinical Medical Research Center for Child Health and Disease, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Bu-Sheng Tian, Yu Chang & Kai-Yun Gu

Clinical Trial Institution Management Office, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China

Shao-Qing Ni

Changzhi Jiu An Artificial Heart Science and Technology Development Co, Ltd, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China

Hai-Feng Chen

Congenital Heart Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

Adachi Iki

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China

Xiang-Ming Fang

LR, FXM (Xiang-Ming Fan), and RJH contributed equally to this manuscript. LR: conceptualization, resources, supervision, funding acquisition, writing of the original draft, and writing—review & editing. FXM (Xiang-Ming Fan), YLY, XCH, FSL, SSS, QYX, FJJ, JZY, and YJJ: methodology and validation. RJH: formal analysis, visualization, writing––review & editing, and funding acquisition. YLJ, ZWT, ZHY, ZJ, TBS, CY, GKY, WW, NSQ, and CHF: data curation and formal analysis. IA and FXM (Xiang-Ming Fang): conceptualization and supervision. SQ: conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing––review & editing, and funding acquisition. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.