Chiang DJ, Pritchard MT, Nagy LE. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and liver brosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(5):G697-702.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fall T, ve Ingelsson E. Genome-wide association studies of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;382(1): 740–757.

Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994;372:425–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Özen ŞV, Özen G. Leptin hormone: relationship with exercise and obesity. Sport Sciences. 2011;6(2):114–27.

Google Scholar 

Bastard JP, Maachi M, Lagathu C, Kim MJ, Caron M, Vidal H, et al. Recent advances in the relationship between obesity. inflammaion and insulin resistance. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2006;17(1):4–12.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedman JM, Halaas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature. 1998;395:763–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee GH, Proenca R, Montez JM, et al. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature 1996;379:632–635.

Kaplan LM. Leptin, obesity, and liver disease. Gastroenterology. 1998;115:997–1001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

La Cava A, Matarese G. The weight of leptin in immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4(5):371–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calabro P, Limongelli G, Pacileo G, Salvo GD, Golino P, Calabro R. The role of adiposity as a determinant of an inflammatory milieu. J Cardiovasc Med. 2007;8:1–11.

Google Scholar 

Shangang Z, Yi Z, Robbi DS, Na L, Zhenyan H, Zhuzhen Z, Alexandre C, Qingzhang Z, Kai S, Wei X, Hui D, Jia S, Yingfeng D, Min K, et al. Partial leptin reduction as an insulin sensitization and weight loss strategy. Cell Metab. 2019;30(4):706-719.e6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ricci C, et al. The impact of CPT1B rs470117, LEPR rs1137101 and BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms on the risk of developing obesity in an Italian population. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2021;15(4):327–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comba A, et al. Leptin ve metabolik etkileri. YYU Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 2014;25(3):87–91.

Google Scholar 

Stepien M, Rosniak-Bak K, Paradowski M, Misztal M, Kujawski K, Banach M, et al. Waist circumference, ghrelin and selected adipose tissue-derived adipokines as predictors of insulin resistance in obese patients: preliminary results. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17:PR13-18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Reinehr T, Kratzsch J, Kiess W, Andler W. Circulating soluble leptin receptor, leptin, and insülin resistance before and after weight loss in obese children. Int J Obese (Lond). 2005;29(10):1230–5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cui H, López M, Rahmouni K. The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(13):338–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oswal A, Yeo G. Leptin and the control of body weight: a review of its diverse central targets, signaling mechanisms, and role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Obesity. 2010;18:221–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Terauchi Y, Matsui J, Kamon J, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Komeda K, et al. Increased serum leptin protects from adiposity despite the increased glucose uptake in white adipose tissue in mice lacking p85alpha phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Diabetes. 2004;53:2261–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jaworek J, Bonior J, Pierzchalski P, Tomaszewska R, Stachura J, Sendur R, et al. Leptin protects the pancreas from damage induced by caerulein overstimulation by modulating cytokine production. Pancreatology. 2002;2:89–99.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oral EA, Simha V, Ruiz E, Andewelt A, Premkumar A, Snell P, et al. Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(8):570–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim HJ, Lee SY, Kim CM. Association between gene polymorphisms and obesity and physical fitness in Korean children. Biol Sport. 2018;35(1):21–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raskiliene A, Smalinskiene A, Kriaucioniene V, Lesauskaite V, Petkeviene J. Associations of MC4R, LEP, and LEOPR polymorphisms with obesity-related parameters in childhood and adulthood. Genes (Basel). 2021;12(6):949.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jimenez-Osorio AS, Musalem-Younes C, Cardenas-Hernandez H, Solares-Tlapechco J, Urrutia PC, Medina-Contreras O, Granados J, et al. Common polymorphisms linked to obesity and cardiovascular disease in Europeans and Asians are associated with type 2 diabetes in Mexican Mestizos. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(2):40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bennett CD, et al. The LightTyperTM: high-throughput genotyping using fluorescent melting curve analysis. Biotechniques. 2003;34(6):1288–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farr OM, Gavrieli A, Mantzoros CS. Leptin applications in 2015: what have we learned about leptin and obesity? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015;22:353–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Izquierdo AG, Crujeiras AB. Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where are We 25 Years Later? Nutrients. 2019;11: 2704.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Myers MG Jr, Heymsfield SB, Haft C, Kahn BB, Laughlin M, Leibel RL, et al. Challenges and opportunities of defining clinical leptin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012;15:150–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ali EMM, et al. “Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms in Egyptian obese subjects”. Archives of physiology and biochemistry 2021;127(1): 28–36.

Boumaiza I, et al. Relationship between leptin G2548A and leptin receptor Q223R gene polymorphisms and obesity and metabolic syndrome risk in Tunisian volunteers. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2012;16(7):726–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bilge S, et al. The relationship of leptin (+ 19) AG, leptin (2548) GA, and leptin receptor Gln223Arg gene polymorphisms with obesity and metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. 2021;24(3):306.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diéguez-Campa CE, et al. Leptin levels and Q223R leptin receptor gene polymorphism in obese Mexican young adults. EJIFCC. 2020;31(3):197.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Şahın S, et al. Investigation of associations between obesity and LEP G2548A and LEPR 668A/G polymorphisms in a Turkish population. Disease markers. 2013;35(6):673–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar