Andersen, S. M., & Chen, S. (2002). The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory. Psychological Review, 109(4), 619–645. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.619
Aquino, K., Reed, A., Thau, S., & Freeman, D. (2007). A grotesque and dark beauty: How moral identity and mechanisms of moral disengagement influence cognitive and emotional reactions to war. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.013
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1990). Mechanisms of moral disengagement. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, states of mind (pp. 161–191). Cambridge University Press.
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behaviour and development (Vol. I, pp. 45–103). Erlbaum.
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364
Barchia, K., & Bussey, K. (2011). Individual and collective social cognitive influences on peer aggression: Exploring the contribution of aggression efficacy, moral disengagement, and collective efficacy. Aggressive Behavior, 37(2), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20375
Bedford, O. A. (2004). The individual experience of guilt and shame in Chinese culture. Culture & Psychology, 10(1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067x04040929
Bedford, O., & Hwang, K. (2003). Guilt and shame in Chinese culture: A cross-cultural framework from the perspective of morality and identity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00210
Bhushan, B., Basu, S., & Dutta, S. (2020). Revisiting guilt, shame, and remorse. Psychological Studies, 65, 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-020-00561-z
Boudewyns, V., Turner, M. M., & Paquin, R. S. (2013). Shame-free guilt appeals: Testing the emotional and cognitive effects of shame and guilt appeals. Psychology and Marketing, 30(9), 811–825. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20647
Bryan, C. J., Ray-Sannerud, B., Morrow, C. E., & Etienne, N. (2013). Guilt is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation among military personnel with direct combat exposure. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.044
Caprara, G. V., Fida, R., Vecchione, M., Tramontano, C., & Barbaranelli, C. (2009). Assessing civic moral disengagement: Dimensionality and construct validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(5), 504–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.027
Cohen, T. R., Wolf, S. T., Panter, A. T., & Insko, C. A. (2011). Introducing the GASP scale: A new measure of guilt and shame proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), 947–966. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022641
De Hooge, I. E., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2011). A functionalist account of shame-induced behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 25(5), 939–946. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.516909
Dean, K. K., & Fles, E. H. (2016). The effects of independent and interdependent self-construals on reactions to transgressions: Distinguishing between guilt and shame. Self and Identity, 15(1), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1082500
Diegoli, E., & Öhman, E. (2024). Contrasting the semantic space of ‘shame’ and ‘guilt’ in English and Japanese. Language and Cognition, 16, 1296–1318. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2024.6
Fedewa, B. A., Burns, L. R., & Gomez, A. A. (2004). Positive and negative perfectionism and the shame/guilt distinction: Adaptive and maladaptive characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1609–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.026
Fei, X., Hamilton, G. G., & Wang, Z. (1992). From the soil, the foundations of Chinese society: A translation of Fei Xiaotong’s Xiangtu Zhongguo. University of California Press.
Fung, H. (1999). Becoming a moral child: The socialization of shame among young Chinese children. Ethos, 27(2), 180–209. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1999.27.2.180
Furukawa, Y., Nakashima, K. I., & Morinaga, Y. (2016). Influence of social context on the relationship between guilt and prosocial behaviour. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(1), 49–54.
Hoffman, M. L. (1998). Varieties of empathy-based guilt. Guilt and children (pp. 91–112). Academic Press.
Hu, J. S. (2008). Chinese version of guilt scale and its reliability, validity and results. China Journal of Health Psychology, 16(2), 236–238.
Hwang, K. (2001). The deep structure of Confucianism: A social psychological approach. Asian Philosophy, 11(3), 179–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/09552360120116928
Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S., & Moilanen, K. L. (2009). Developmental precursors of moral disengagement and the role of moral disengagement in the development of antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9358-5
Jacobson, R. P., Hood, J. N., & Jacobson, K. J. L. (2016). The effects of moral emotional traits on workplace bullying perpetration. Ethics & Behavior, 27(7), 527–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2016.1182026
Khan, S. R., & Howe, L. C. (2021). Concern for the transgressor’s consequences: An explanation for why wrongdoing remains unreported. Journal of Business Ethics, 173(2), 325–344.
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000). Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognition and Emotion, 14(1), 93–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300379003
Liang, F. H. (2019). How commonness and rational belief of cyber-bullying affect cyber-bullying behavior among middle school students: The mediated role of moral disengagement. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 12(3), 278–285.
Malti, T., & Keller, M. (2010). The relation of elementary school children’s externalizing behavior to emotion attributions, evaluation of consequences and moral reasoning. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6(5), 592–614.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2014). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. College student development and academic life (pp. 264–293). Routledge.
Mazzone, A., Yanagida, T., Caravita, S. C. S., & Strohmeier, D. (2018). Moral emotions and moral disengagement: Concurrent and longitudinal associations with aggressive behavior among early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(6), 839–863. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618791276
Menon, J., & Shweder, R. A. (1994). The recall of shame and anger in two cultural contexts. Motivation and Emotion, 18(3), 227–246.
Messick, D. M., & Bazerman, M. H. (2004). Ethical leadership and the psychology of decision making. in Research in ethical issues in organizations, pp. 213–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1529-2096(01)03014-0
Miceli, M., & Castelfranchi, C. (2018). Reconsidering the differences between shame and guilt. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 14(3), 710–733. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i3.1564
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Paciello, M., Fida, R., Tramontano, C., Lupinetti, C., & Caprara, G. V. (2008). Stability and change of moral disengagement and its impact on aggression and violence in late adolescence. Child Development, 79(5), 1288–1309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01189.x
Parrott, W. G. (1999). Function of emotion: Introduction. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 465–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379131
Qian, M. Y., Andrews, B., Zhu, R. C., & Wang, A. M. (2000). The development of shame scale of Chinese college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 14(4), 217–221.
Quinn, C. A., & Bussey, K. (2015). The role of moral disengagement in underage drinking and heavy episodic drinking. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(11), 1437–1448. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1018541
Rozin, P. (2003). The evolution of morality. In D. L. Bartels & P. D. Wright (Eds.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 765–798). Wiley.
Sabini, J., & Silver, M. (1997). In defense of shame: Shame in the context of guilt and embarrassment. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00023
Comments (0)