Excitatory synapses onto axonic spines jump-start action potentials and route information flow

Hu, W. et al. Distinct contributions of Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 996–1002 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kole, M. H. P. et al. Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment. Nat. Neurosci. 11, 178–186 (2008).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kosaka, T. The axon initial segment as a synaptic site—ultrastructure and synaptology of the initial segment of the pyramidal cell in the rat hippocampus (CA3 region). J. Neurocytol. 9, 861–882 (1980).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Compans, B. & Burrone, J. Chandelier cells shine a light on the formation of GABAergic synapses. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 80, 102697 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ango, F., Gallo, N. B. & Van Aelst, L. Molecular mechanisms of axo-axonic innervation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 69, 105–112 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gallo, N. B., Paul, A. & Van Aelst, L. Shedding light on chandelier cell development, connectivity, and contribution to neural disorders. Trends Neurosci. 43, 565–580 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao, R. et al. Axo-axonic synaptic input drives homeostatic plasticity by tuning the axon initial segment structurally and functionally. Sci. Adv. 10, eadk4331 (2024).

Inan, M. et al. Dense and overlapping innervation of pyramidal neurons by chandelier cells. J. Neurosci. 33, 1907–1914 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu, Y., Stornetta, R. L. & Zhu, J. J. Chandelier cells control excessive cortical excitation: characteristics of whisker-evoked synaptic responses of layer 2/3 nonpyramidal and pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 24, 5101–5108 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schneider-Mizell, C. M. et al. Structure and function of axo-axonic inhibition. eLife 10, e73783 (2021).

Dudok, B. et al. Recruitment and inhibitory action of hippocampal axo-axonic cells during behavior. Neuron 109, 3838–3850.e3838 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

DeFelipe, J. Chandelier cells and epilepsy. Brain 122, 1807–1822 (1999).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

del Pino, I. et al. Erbb4 deletion from fast-spiking interneurons causes schizophrenia-like phenotypes. Neuron 79, 1152–1168 (2013).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rocco, B. R., DeDionisio, A. M., Lewis, D. A. & Fish, K. N. Alterations in a unique class of cortical chandelier cell axon cartridges in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 82, 40–48 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang, J.-M. et al. erbb4 deficits in chandelier cells of the medial prefrontal cortex confer cognitive dysfunctions: implications for schizophrenia. Cereb. Cortex 29, 4334–4346 (2019).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Woo, T. U., Whitehead, R. E., Melchitzky, D. S. & Lewis, D. A. A subclass of prefrontal γ-aminobutyric acid axon terminals are selectively altered in schizophrenia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 5341–5346 (1998).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Williams, S. M., Goldman-Rakic, P. S. & Leranth, C. The synaptology of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 320, 353–369 (2004).

Article  Google Scholar 

Zetter, M. A. et al. Microglial synaptic pruning on axon initial segment spines of dentate granule cells: sexually dimorphic effects of early-life stress and consequences for adult fear response. J. Neuroendocrinol. 33, e12969 (2021).

Somogyi, P. et al. Glutamate-decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the cat: distribution of immunoreactive synaptic terminals with special reference to the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 3, 1450–1468 (1983).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shapson-Coe, A. et al. A petavoxel fragment of human cerebral cortex reconstructed at nanoscale resolution. Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).

Sheehan, T. P., Chambers, R. A. & Russell, D. S. Regulation of affect by the lateral septum: implications for neuropsychiatry. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 46, 71–117 (2004).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang, M. et al. Lateral septum adenosine A2A receptors control stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via signaling to the hypothalamus and habenula. Nat. Commun. 14, 1800 (2023).

Besnard, A. et al. Dorsolateral septum somatostatin interneurons gate mobility to calibrate context-specific behavioral fear responses. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 436–446 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leroy, F. et al. A circuit from hippocampal CA2 to lateral septum disinhibits social aggression. Nature 564, 213–218 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carus-Cadavieco, M. et al. Gamma oscillations organize top-down signalling to hypothalamus and enable food seeking. Nature 542, 232–236 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Polenghi, A. et al. Kainate receptor activation shapes short-term synaptic plasticity by controlling receptor lateral mobility at glutamatergic synapses. Cell Rep. 31, 107735 (2020).

Brill, J. & Huguenard, J. R. Robust short-latency perisomatic inhibition onto neocortical pyramidal cells detected by laser-scanning photostimulation. J. Neurosci. 29, 7413–7423 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee, S.-J. R., Escobedo-Lozoya, Y., Szatmari, E. M. & Yasuda, R. Activation of CaMKII in single dendritic spines during long-term potentiation. Nature 458, 299–304 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tazerart, S., Mitchell, D. E., Miranda-Rottmann, S. & Araya, R. A spike-timing-dependent plasticity rule for dendritic spines. Nat. Commun. 11, 4276 (2020).

Vardalaki, D., Chung, K. & Harnett, M. T. Filopodia are a structural substrate for silent synapses in adult neocortex. Nature 612, 323–327 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bittner, K. C., Milstein, A. D., Grienberger, C., Romani, S. & Magee, J. C. Behavioral time scale synaptic plasticity underlies CA1 place fields. Science 357, 1033–1036 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harvey, C. D. & Svoboda, K. Locally dynamic synaptic learning rules in pyramidal neuron dendrites. Nature 450, 1195–1200 (2007).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim, J. et al. mGRASP enables mapping mammalian synaptic connectivity with light microscopy. Nat. Methods 9, 96–102 (2011).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Druckmann, S. et al. Structured synaptic connectivity between hippocampal regions. Neuron 81, 629–640 (2014).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song, J. H. et al. Combining mGRASP and optogenetics enables high-resolution functional mapping of descending cortical projections. Cell Rep. 24, 1071–1080 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu, J.-J., Tsien, R. W. & Pang, Z. P. Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone regulates hippocampus-dorsolateral septum activity. Nat. Neurosci. 25, 61–71 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Besnard, A. & Leroy, F. Top-down regulation of motivated behaviors via lateral septum

Comments (0)

No login
gif