Lamaze, C., Tardif, N., Dewulf, M., Vassilopoulos, S. & Blouin, C. M. The caveolae dress code: structure and signaling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 47, 117–125 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ludwig, A. et al. Molecular composition and ultrastructure of the caveolar coat complex. PLoS Biol. 11, e1001640 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gambin, Y. et al. Single-molecule analysis reveals self assembly and nanoscale segregation of two distinct cavin subcomplexes on caveolae. eLife 3, e01434 (2013).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kovtun, O. et al. Structural insights into the organization of the cavin membrane coat complex. Dev. Cell 31, 405–419 (2014).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palade, G. E. The fine structure of blood capillaries. J. Appl. Phys. 24, 1424 (1953).

Google Scholar 

Sinha, B. et al. Cells respond to mechanical stress by rapid disassembly of caveolae. Cell 144, 402–413 (2011) .

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang, H., Pilch, P. F. & Liu, L. Cavin-1/PTRF mediates insulin-dependent focal adhesion remodeling and ameliorates high-fat diet-induced inflammatory responses in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 294, 10544–10552 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu, Y. et al. Caveolae sense oxidative stress through membrane lipid peroxidation and cytosolic release of CAVIN1 to regulate NRF2. Dev. Cell 58, 376–397 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu, Y. et al. Pro-ferroptotic lipids as key control points for caveola formation and disassembly. Cell Rep. 44, 115789 (2025).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parton, R. G. et al. Caveolae: the FAQs. Traffic 21, 181–185 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muriel, O., Sánchez-Álvarez, M., Strippoli, R. & Del Pozo, M. A. Role of the endocytosis of caveolae in intracellular signaling and metabolism. Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. 57, 203–234 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parton, R. G., Taraska, J. W. & Lundmark, R. Is endocytosis by caveolae dependent on dynamin? Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 25, 511–512 (2024).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gould, A. et al. Endothelial response to blood–brain barrier disruption in the human brain. JCI Insight 10, e187328 (2024).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nayak, T. R. et al. Rapid precision targeting of nanoparticles to lung via caveolae pumping system in endothelium. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 144–155 (2024).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Swissa, E. et al. Cortical plasticity is associated with blood–brain barrier modulation. eLife 12, RP89611 (2024).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Trevino, T. N. et al. A brain endothelial cell caveolin-1/CXCL10 axis promotes T cell transcellular migration across the blood–brain barrier. ASN Neuro 17, 2472070 (2025).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Parton, R. G., McMahon, K. A. & Wu, Y. Caveolae: formation, dynamics, and function. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 65, 8–16 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lim, J. E., Bernatchez, P. & Nabi, I. R. Scaffolds and the scaffolding domain: an alternative paradigm for caveolin-1 signaling. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 52, 947–959 (2024).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hayer, A. et al. Caveolin-1 is ubiquitinated and targeted to intralumenal vesicles in endolysosomes for degradation. J. Cell Biol. 191, 615–629 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Porta, J. C. et al. Molecular architecture of the human caveolin-1 complex. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn7232 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gulsevin, A. et al. Template-free prediction of a new monotopic membrane protein fold and assembly by AlphaFold2. Biophys. J. 122, 2041–2052 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Doktorova, M. et al. Caveolin assemblies displace one bilayer leaflet to organize and bend membranes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 122, e2417024122 (2025).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liebl, K. & Voth, G. A. Lipid organization by the caveolin-1 complex. Biophys. J. 123, 3688–3697 (2024).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murata, M. et al. VIP21/caveolin is a cholesterol-binding protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 10339–10343 (1995).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hulce, J. J., Cognetta, A. B., Niphakis, M. J., Tully, S. E. & Cravatt, B. F. Proteome-wide mapping of cholesterol-interacting proteins in mammalian cells. Nat. Methods 10, 259–264 (2013).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gusmira, A. et al. Regulation of caveolae through cholesterol-depletion-dependent tubulation mediated by PACSIN2. J. Cell Sci. 133, 246785 (2020).

Article  Google Scholar 

Subtil, A. et al. Acute cholesterol depletion inhibits clathrin-coated pit budding. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 6775–6780 (1999).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belabed, M. et al. Cholesterol mobilization regulates dendritic cell maturation and the immunogenic response to cancer. Nat. Immunol. 26, 188–199 (2025).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tillu, V. A. et al. A variable undecad repeat domain in cavin1 regulates caveola formation and stability. EMBO Rep. 19, e45775 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tillu, V. A. et al. Cavin1 intrinsically disordered domains are essential for fuzzy electrostatic interactions and caveola formation. Nat. Commun. 12, 931 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ludwig, A., Nichols, B. J. & Sandin, S. Architecture of the caveolar coat complex. J. Cell Sci. 129, 3077–3083 (2016).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stoeber, M. et al. Model for the architecture of caveolae based on a flexible, net-like assembly of Cavin1 and caveolin discs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E8069–E8078 (2016).

Article  CAS  PubMed