Aerts MB, Esselink RAJ, Bloem BR, Verbeek MM (2011) Cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau protein are elevated in corticobasal syndrome. Mov Disord 26:169–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23341

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alcolea D, Pegueroles J, Muñoz L, Camacho V, López-Mora D, Fernández-León A et al (2019) Agreement of amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease on Lumipulse. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 6:1815–1824. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.50873

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arseni D, Nonaka T, Jacobsen MH, Murzin AG, Cracco L, Peak-Chew SY et al (2024) Heteromeric amyloid filaments of ANXA11 and TDP-43 in FTLD-TDP type C. Nature 634:662–668. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08024-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ashton NJ, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Brinkmalm G et al (2021) Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Acta Neuropathol 141:709–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02275-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ashton NJ, Keshavan A, Brum WS, Andreasson U, Arslan B, Droescher M et al (2025) The Alzheimer’s Association Global Biomarker Standardization Consortium (GBSC) plasma phospho-tau Round Robin study. Alzheimer’s Dement 21:e14508. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14508

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barthélemy NR, Li Y, Joseph-Mathurin N, Gordon BA, Hassenstab J, Benzinger TLS et al (2020) A soluble phosphorylated tau signature links tau, amyloid and the evolution of stages of dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Med 26:398–407. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0781-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bartholomew SK, Turk J, Winslow W, Foley C, Shaw A, Rokey S et al (2026) Dyrk1a inhibition with the novel compound DYR533: a cross-disease therapeutic strategy targeting amyloidosis, tau pathogenesis, and neuroinflammation. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.20.700091

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bigio EH, Lipton AM, Yen SH, Hutton ML, Baker M, Nacharaju P et al (2001) Frontal lobe dementia with novel tauopathy: sporadic multiple system tauopathy with dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60:328–341. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/60.4.328

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blennow K, Wallin A, Agren H, Spenger C, Siegfried J, Vanmechelen E (1995) Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid: a biochemical marker for axonal degeneration in Alzheimer disease? Mol Chem Neuropathol 26:231–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02815140

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blennow K, Chen C, Cicognola C, Wildsmith KR, Manser PT, Bohorquez SMS et al (2020) Cerebrospinal fluid tau fragment correlates with tau PET: a candidate biomarker for tangle pathology. Brain 143:650–660. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz346

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Borroni B, Gardoni F, Parnetti L, Magno L, Malinverno M, Saggese E et al (2009) Pattern of Tau forms in CSF is altered in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurobiol Aging 30:34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.009

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borroni B, Benussi A, Archetti S, Galimberti D, Parnetti L, Nacmias B et al (2015) Csf p-tau181/tau ratio as biomarker for TDP pathology in frontotemporal dementia. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 16:86–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/21678421.2014.971812

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braak H, Braak E (1991) Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82:239–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308809

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen H-H, Liu P, Auger P, Lee S-H, Adolfsson O, Rey-Bellet L et al (2018) Calpain-mediated tau fragmentation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease progression. Sci Rep 8:16725. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35130-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cicognola C, Brinkmalm G, Wahlgren J, Portelius E, Gobom J, Cullen NC et al (2019) Novel tau fragments in cerebrospinal fluid: relation to tangle pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 137:279–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1948-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cicognola C, Satir TM, Brinkmalm G, Matečko-Burmann I, Agholme L, Bergström P et al (2020) Tauopathy-associated tau fragment ending at amino acid 224 is generated by calpain-2 cleavage. J Alzheimer’s Dis 74:1143–1156. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191130

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Constantinides VC, Paraskevas GP, Boufidou F, Bourbouli M, Pyrgelis E-S, Stefanis L et al (2023) CSF Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementias. Diagnostics 13:783. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040783

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Coughlin DG, Coslett HB, Peterson C, Phillips JS, McMillan C, Lee EB et al (2022) Lateralized ante mortem and post mortem pathology in a case of Lewy body disease with corticobasal syndrome. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 8:e12294. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12294

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Creekmore BC, Watanabe R, Lee EB (2024) Neurodegenerative disease tauopathies. Annu Rev Pathol 19:345–370. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-120750

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

del Campo M, Galimberti D, Elias N, Boonkamp L, Pijnenburg YA, van Swieten JC et al (2018) Novel CSF biomarkers to discriminate FTLD and its pathological subtypes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 5:1163–1175. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.629

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

del Campo M, Zetterberg H, Gandy S, Onyike CU, Oliveira F, Udeh-Momoh C et al (2022) New developments of biofluid-based biomarkers for routine diagnosis and disease trajectories in frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimer’s Dement 18:2292–2307. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12643

Article  Google Scholar 

Diaz-Lucena D, Escaramis G, Villar-Piqué A, Hermann P, Schmitz M, Varges D et al (2020) A new tetra-plex fluorimetric assay for the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid42, total-tau, phospho-tau and α-synuclein in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia. J Neurol 267:2567–2581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09870-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dickson DW, Kouri N, Murray ME, Josephs KA (2011) Neuropathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau (FTLD-Tau). J Mol Neurosci MN 45:384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-011-9589-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dulewicz M, Kac PR, Ortiz FG, Karikari TK, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B et al (2025) Clinical validation of novel immunoassays for plasma phosphorylated tau 217, 212, 181, 231, and brain-derived tau across the biochemical spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 169:e70313. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.70313

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Falcon B, Zhang W, Murzin AG, Murshudov G, Garringer HJ, Vidal R et al (2018) Structures of filaments from Pick’s disease reveal a novel tau protein fold. Nature 561:137–140. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0454-y