Bayley JC, Hadley CC, Harmanci AO, Harmanci AS, Klisch TJ, Patel AJ (2022) Multiple approaches converge on three biological subtypes of meningioma and extract new insights from published studies. Sci Adv 8:eabm6247. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm6247

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bi WL, Greenwald NF, Abedalthagafi M, Wala J, Gibson WJ, Agarwalla PK et al (2017) Genomic landscape of high-grade meningiomas. Npj Genomic Med 2:15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-017-0014-7

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen WC, Choudhury A, Youngblood MW, Polley M-YC, Lucas C-HG, Mirchia K et al (2023) Targeted gene expression profiling predicts meningioma outcomes and radiotherapy responses. Nat Med 29:3067–3076. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02586-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choudhury A, Chen WC, Lucas C-HG, Bayley JC, Harmanci AS, Maas SLN et al (2023) Hypermitotic meningiomas harbor DNA methylation subgroups with distinct biological and clinical features. Neuro-Oncol 25:520–530. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac224

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choudhury A, Magill ST, Eaton CD, Prager BC, Chen WC, Cady MA et al (2022) Meningioma DNA methylation groups identify biological drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Nat Genet 54:649–659. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01061-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Driver J, Hoffman SE, Tavakol S, Woodward E, Maury EA, Bhave V et al (2022) A molecularly integrated grade for meningioma. Neuro-Oncol 24:796–808. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab213

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Landry AP, Wang JZ, Patil V, Liu J, Gui C, Ellenbogen Y et al (2025) Chromosome 1p Loss and 1q Gain for Grading of Meningioma. JAMA Oncol 11:644. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.0329

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lucas C-HG, Mirchia K, Seo K, Najem H, Chen WC, Zakimi N et al (2024) Spatial genomic, biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying meningioma heterogeneity and evolution. Nat Genet 56:1121–1133. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01747-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maas SLN, Stichel D, Hielscher T, Sievers P, Berghoff AS, Schrimpf D et al (2021) Integrated molecular-morphologic meningioma classification: a multicenter retrospective analysis, retrospectively and prospectively validated. J Clin Oncol 39:3839–3852. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.00784

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maas SLN, Tang Y, Stutheit-Zhao E, Rahmanzade R, Blume C, Hielscher T et al (2026) A microenvironment-determined risk continuum refines subtyping in meningioma and reveals determinants of machine learning-based tumor classification. Nat Genet 58:341–354. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02475-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Magill ST, Vasudevan HN, Seo K, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Choudhury A, John Liu S et al (2020) Multiplatform genomic profiling and magnetic resonance imaging identify mechanisms underlying intratumor heterogeneity in meningioma. Nat Commun 11:4803. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18582-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nassiri F, Liu J, Patil V, Mamatjan Y, Wang JZ, Hugh-White R et al (2021) A clinically applicable integrative molecular classification of meningiomas. Nature 597:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03850-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raleigh DR, Chen WC, Gondi V, Rogers L, Mehta M (2024) Implications and interchangeability of meningioma biomarkers for clinical trials and clinical practice. J Neurooncol 169:215–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-024-04700-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sahm F, Aldape KD, Brastianos PK, Brat DJ, Dahiya S, Von Deimling A et al (2025) cIMPACT-NOW update 8: clarifications on molecular risk parameters and recommendations for WHO grading of meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 27:319–330. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae170

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar