Asplund J, Kauserud H, Ohlson M, et al. 2019 Spruce and beech as local determinants of forest fungal community structure in litter, humus and mineral soil. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 95 fiy232

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Augusto L, Ranger J, Binkle D, et al. 2002 Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility. Ann. For. Sci. 59 233–253

Article  Google Scholar 

Augusto L, De Schrijver A, Vesterdal L, et al. 2015 Influences of evergreen gymnosperm and deciduous angiosperm tree species on the functioning of temperate and boreal forests. Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 90 444–466

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bahnmann B, Mašínová T, Halvorsen R, et al. 2018 Effects of oak, beech and spruce on the distribution and community structure of fungi in litter and soils across a temperate forest. Soil Biol. Biochem. 119 162–173

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ballauff J, Schneider D, Edy, et al. 2021 Shifts in root and soil chemistry drive the assembly of belowground fungal communities in tropical land-use systems. Soil Biol. Biochem. 154 108140

Bardgett RD and Wardle DA 2010 Aboveground-belowground linkages: Biotic interactions, ecosystem processes, and global change (Oxford: Oxford University Press)

Google Scholar 

Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, et al. 2015 Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67 1–48

Article  Google Scholar 

Bauman D, Raspé O, Meerts P, et al. 2016 Multiscale assemblage of an ectomycorrhizal fungal community: The influence of host functional traits and soil properties in a 10-ha Miombo forest. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 92 151

Article  Google Scholar 

Brearley FQ, Elliott DR and Iribar A 2016 Arbuscular mycorrhizal community structure on co-existing tropical legume trees in French Guiana. Plant Soil 403 253–265

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brigham T, Chihongo A and Chidumayo EN 1996 Trade in woodland products from Miombo region; in: The Miombo in transition: woodlands and welfare in Africa (Ed. B Campbell) (Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research) pp 137–174

Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, et al. 2016 DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat. Methods 13 581–583

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen J, Saunders SC, Crow TR, et al. 1999 Microcliminate in forest ecosystem and landscape ecology. J. Biosci. 47 288–297

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, Liu W, Lang X, et al. 2024 Arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants together shape seedling diversity in a subtropical forest. Front. For. Glob. Change 6 1304897

Article  Google Scholar 

Chidumayo EN 1993 Silvicultural characteristics and management of Miombo woodland; in The ecology and management of indigenous forests in southern Africa (Eds. GD Piearce and DJ Gumbo) (Harare: Zimbabwe Forestry Commission and SAREC) pp 124–133

Chidumayo EN 1997 Miombo ecology and management: An introduction (London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publishers)

Chidumayo EN 2013 Estimating tree biomass and changes in root biomass following clear-cutting of Brachystegia-Julbernardia (Miombo) woodland in central Zambia. Environ. Conserv. 41 54–63

Article  Google Scholar 

Chidumayo EN and Kwibisa L 2003 Effects of deforestation on grass biomass and soil nutrient status in Miombo woodland, Zambia. Agri. Ecosyst. Environ. 96 97–105

Article  Google Scholar 

Cowan DA, Lebre PH, Amon CER, et al. 2022 Biogeographical survey of soil microbiomes across sub-Saharan Africa: Structure, drivers, and predicted climate-driven changes. Microbiome 10 131

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Davis NM, Proctor DM, Holmes SP, et al. 2018 Simple statistical identification and removal of contaminant sequences in marker-gene and metagenomics data. Microbiome 6 226

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Degreef J, Kasongo B, Niyongabo E, et al. 2020 Edible mushrooms, a vulnerable ecosystem service from African Miombo woodlands. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 24 70–80

Article  Google Scholar 

Egerton-Warburton LM, Querejeta JI and Allen MF 2007 Common mycorrhizal networks provide a potential pathway for the transfer of hydraulically lifted water between plants. J. Exp. Bot. 58 1473–1483

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ewels P, Magnusson M, Lundin S, et al. 2016 MultiQC: Summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report. Bioinformatics 32 3047–3048

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fanshawe B 1971 The vegetation of Zambia (Lusaka, Zambia: Government Printer)

Fisher MA and Fule PZ 2004 Changes in forest vegetation and arbuscular mycorrhizae along a steep elevation gradient in Arizona. For. Ecol. Manag. 200 293–311

Article  Google Scholar 

Frąc M, Hannula SE, Bełka M, et al. 2018 Fungal biodiversity and their role in soil health. Front. Microbiol. 9 707

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frost P 1996 The ecology of Miombo woodlands; in The Miombo in transition: woodlands and welfare in Africa (Ed. B Campbell) (Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research) pp 11–55

Gao C, Kim Y-C, Zheng Y, et al. 2016 Increased precipitation, rather than warming, exerts a strong influence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a semiarid steppe ecosystem. Botany 94 459–469

Article  Google Scholar 

Goslee SC and Urban DL 2007 The ecodist package for dissimilarity-based analysis of ecological data. J. Stat. Softw. 22 1–19

Article  Google Scholar 

Hardy NG, Kuebbing SE, Duguid MC, et al. 2025 Non-native invasive plants in tropical dry forests: a global review of presence, impacts, and management. Restor. Ecol. 33 e14288

Article  Google Scholar 

Härkönen M, Niemelä T, Mbindo K, et al. 2015 Zambian mushrooms and mycology; in Norrlinia vol 9 (University of Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany Unit)) pp 207

Heděnec P, Zheng H, Siqueira DP, et al. 2023 Tree species traits and mycorrhizal association shape soil microbial communities via litter quality and species mediated soil properties. For. Ecol. Manag. 527

Ho NT, Li F, Wang S, et al. 2019 metamicrobiomeR: An R package for analysis of microbiome relative abundance data using zero-inflated beta GAMLSS and meta-analysis across studies using random effects models. BMC Bioinf. 20 188

Article  Google Scholar 

Högberg P 1982 Mycorrhizal associations in some woodland and forest trees and shrubs in Tanzania. New Phytol. 92 407–415

Article  Google Scholar 

Högberg P and Piearce GD 1986 Mycorrhizas in Zambian trees in relation to host taxonomy, vegetation type and successional pattern. J. Ecol. 74 775–785

Article  Google Scholar 

Houdanon R, Tchen I, Laourou G, et al. 2019 Spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal trees in wooded Savannas of Guineo-Sudanian ecozone in West Africa. J. Trop. For. Sci. 31 1–11

Google Scholar 

Jarvis SG, Woodward S and Taylor AFS 2015 Strong altitudinal partitioning in the distributions of ectomycorrhizal fungi along a short (300 m) elevation gradient. New Phytol. 206 1145–1155

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kajihara KT, Egan CP, Swift SO, et al. 2022 Core arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are predicted by their high abundance–occupancy relationship while host-specific taxa are rare and geographically structured. New Phytol. 234 1464–1476

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaluba P, Verbist KMJ, Cornelis WM, et al. 2017 Spatial mapping of drought in Zambia using regional frequency analysis. Hydrol. Sci. J. 62 11

Article  Google Scholar 

Ketchiemo FT, Fotso B, Djabou AS, et al. 2024 Soil physico-chemical properties and different altitudes affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance and colonization in cacao plantations of Cameroon. Am. J. Plant Sci. 15 57–82

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kjeldahl J 1883 New method for the determination of nitrogen. Chem. News 48 101–102

Google Scholar 

Leff JW, Bardgett RD, Wilkinson A, et al. 2018 Predicting the structure of soil communities from plant community taxonomy, phylogeny, and traits. ISME J. 12 1794–1805

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lichstein JW 2007 Multiple regression on distance matrices: A multivariate spatial analysis tool. Plant Ecol. 188 117–131

Article  Google Scholar 

Likulunga LE, Pérez CAR, Schneider D, et al. 2021 Tree species composition and soil properties in pure and mixed beech-conifer stands drive soil fungal communities. For. Ecol. Manag. 502 119709

Article  Google Scholar 

Likulunga LE, Clausing S, Krüger J, et al. 2022 Fine root biomass of European beech trees in different soil layers show different responses to season, climate, and soil nutrients. Front. For. Glob. Change 5 955327

Article  Google Scholar 

Malaisse F 1978 The Miombo ecosystem; in Tropical forest ecosystems: A state of knowledge report (Paris: UNESCO/UNEP/FAO) pp 589–606

Meidl P, Furneaux B, Tchan KI, et al. 2021 Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. MycoKeys 81 45–68

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miyamoto Y, Sakai A, Hattori M, et al. 2015 Strong effect of climate on ectomycorrhizal fungal composition: Evidence from range overlap between two mountains. ISME J. 9 1870–1879

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central