Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (No. 2025-1465).

Consent for Publication

The Institutional Review Board at our institute approved this retrospective study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived.

Generative AI in scientific writing

No generative AI has been used during the preparation of this work.

Preprint Sharing

Not applicable.

Competing interests

Haifeng Hou, Shouhong Zhang and Xiaofeng Zhou declare that they have no conflict of interest.