Rucki M, Kejlova K, Vlkova A, Jirova D, Dvorakova M, Svobodova L, et al. Evaluation of toxicity profiles of rare earth elements salts (lanthanides). J Rare Earths. 2021;39:225–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2020.02.011.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rim K-T. Effects of rare earth elements on the environment and human health: A literature review. Toxicol Environ Health Sci. 2016;8:189–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-016-0276-y.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rim KT, Koo KH, Park JS. Toxicological Evaluations of Rare Earths and Their Health Impacts to Workers: A Literature Review. Saf Health Work. 2013;4:12–26. https://doi.org/10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.12.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Piguet C. Extricating erbium. Nat Chem. 2014;6:370–370. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1908.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weeks ME. The discovery of the elements. XVI. The rare earth elements. J Chem Educ. 1932;9:1751. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed009p1751.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Das T, Chakraborty S, Sarma HD, Tandon P, Banerjee S, Venkatesh M, et al. 170Tm-EDTMP: a potential cost-effective alternative to 89SrCl2 for bone pain palliation. Nucl Med Biol. 2009;36:561–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.02.002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patnaik P. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. McGraw-Hill; 2003.

Google Scholar 

Vats K, Das T, Sarma HD, Banerjee S, Pillai MRA, Radiolabeling. Stability Studies, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Thulium-170-Labeled Acyclic and Cyclic Polyaminopolyphosphonic Acids. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2013;28:737–45. https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2013.1475.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Das T, Banerjee S. Radiopharmaceuticals for metastatic bone pain palliation: available options in the clinical domain and their comparisons. Clin Exp Metastasis Springer Neth. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-016-9831-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Das T, Shinto A, Kamaleshwaran KK, Sarma HD, Mohammed SK, Mitra A, et al. Radiochemical studies, pre-clinical investigation and preliminary clinical evaluation of 170Tm-EDTMP prepared using in-house freeze-dried EDTMP kit. Appl Radiat Isot. 2017;122:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.058.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dalton DC, Shelton TM, Rivera M. Laser technology advancements in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Curr Urol Rep. 2024;25:71–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-024-01197-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kronenberg P, Traxer O. The laser of the future: reality and expectations about the new thulium fiber laser—a systematic review. Transl Androl Urol. 2019;8:S398–417. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.08.01.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Liu H, Xia S. Thulium laser treatment for bladder cancer. Asian J Urol. 2016;3:130–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2016.05.002.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rice P, Somani BK. A systematic review of thulium fiber laser: applications and advantages of laser technology in the field of urology. Res Rep Urol. 2021;13:519–27. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S233979.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pirri A, Maksimov RN, Li J, Vannini M, Toci G. Achievements and future perspectives of the trivalent thulium-ion-doped mixed-sesquioxide ceramics for laser applications. Materials (Basel). 2022;15:2084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062084.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krishnamurthy D, Weinberg V, Cunha JAM, Hsu I-C, Pouliot J. Comparison of high–dose rate prostate brachytherapy dose distributions with iridium-192, ytterbium-169, and thulium-170 sources. Brachytherapy. 2011;10:461–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2011.01.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ayoub A, Shani G. Development of New Radioactive Seeds Tm-170 for Brachytherapy. 2009. pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03474-9_1

Engels E, Westlake M, Li N, Vogel S, Gobert Q, Thorpe N, et al. Thulium oxide nanoparticles: a new candidate for image-guided radiotherapy. Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2018;4:044001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aaca01.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pereira AF, Silva JF, Gouveia-Neto AS, Jacinto C. 1.319 µm excited thulium doped nanoparticles for subtissue thermal sensing with deep penetration and high contrast imaging. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2017;238:525–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.07.053.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ascenzi P, Bettinelli M, Boffi A, Botta M, De Simone G, Luchinat C, et al. Rare earth elements (REE) in biology and medicine. Rend Lincei Sci Fis Nat. 2020;31:821–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-020-00930-w.

Article  Google Scholar 

Malhotra N, Hsu H-S, Liang S-T, Roldan MJM, Lee J-S, Ger T-R, et al. An updated review of toxicity effect of the rare earth elements (REEs) on aquatic organisms. Animals (Basel). 2020;10:1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091663.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pagano G, Guida M, Tommasi F, Oral R. Health effects and toxicity mechanisms of rare earth elements—knowledge gaps and research prospects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015;115:40–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.030.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gonzalez V, Vignati DAL, Leyval C, Giamberini L. Environmental fate and ecotoxicity of lanthanides: are they a uniform group beyond chemistry? Environ Int. 2014;71:148–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.019.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kulaksız S, Bau M. Anthropogenic dissolved and colloid/nanoparticle-bound samarium, lanthanum and gadolinium in the Rhine River and the impending destruction of the natural rare earth element distribution in rivers. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2013;362:43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.033.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hirano S, Suzuki KT. Exposure, metabolism, and toxicity of rare earths and related compounds. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.96104s185.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haley TJ. Pharmacology and toxicology of the rare earth elements. J Pharm Sci. 1965;54:663–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600540502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haley TJ, Komesu N, Flesher AM, Mavis L, Cawthorne J, Upham HC. Pharmacology and toxicology of terbium, thulium, and ytterbium chlorides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1963;5:427–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(63)90014-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dodson JR, Hunt AJ, Parker HL, Yang Y, Clark JH. Elemental sustainability: towards the total recovery of scarce metals. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif. 2012;51:69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.008.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brown PH, Rathjen AH, Graham RD, Tribe DE. Chapter 92 Rare earth elements in biological systems. 1990. pp. 423–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1273(05)80135-7

Magnusson G. The behavior of certain lanthanons in rats. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 2009;20:1–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1963.tb02990.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Imakubo T, Sawa H, Tajima H, Kato R. Novel organic conductors containing lanthanide element in counter anion. Synth Met. 1997;86:2047–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(97)81020-X.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kulaksız S, Bau M. Rare earth elements in the Rhine River, Germany: first case of anthropogenic lanthanum as a dissolved microcontaminant in the hydrosphere. Environ Int. 2011;37:973–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.018.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wells WH, Wells VL. The Lanthanides, Rare Earth Elements. In: Patty’s Toxicology. Wiley; 2012. p. 817–40.