Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The study was approved by the institutional review board of Chungbuk National University Hospital (IRB No. CBNUH 2026–05-007), and the requirement for written consent was waived by the institutional review board. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2024 and its later amendments.

Consent to Publish

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

The Institutional Review Board of Chungbuk National University Hospital approved this retrospective study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived.

Declaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing

During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT-5.5 (OpenAI) to check grammar and enhance readability. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the content as necessary and took full responsibility for the final content of the publication.

Competing interests

Hansol Moon and Chulhan Kim declare that they have no competing interests.