Ironing Out the Details: Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment of Iron Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction – A Narrative Review

Maddox Thomas M, Januzzi James L, Allen Larry A, Breathett K, Brouse S, Butler J et al (2024) 2024 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC 83(15):1444–1488

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS (2023) Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc Res 118(17):3272–87

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Redfield MM (2017) Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol 14(10):591–602

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nichols GA, Qiao Q, Déruaz-Luyet A, Kraus BJ (2023) The clinical burden of newly diagnosed heart failure among patients with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 47:101182

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM (2006) Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 355(3):251–259

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, Austin PC, Fang J, Haouzi A et al (2006) Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study. N Engl J Med 355(3):260–269

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ter Maaten JM, Damman K, Verhaar MC, Paulus WJ, Duncker DJ, Cheng C et al (2016) Connecting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal dysfunction: the role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Eur J Heart Fail 18(6):588–98

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deichl A, Wachter R, Edelmann F (2022) Comorbidities in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Herz 47(4):301–307

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gurwitz JH, Magid DJ, Smith DH, Goldberg RJ, McManus DD, Allen LA et al (2013) Contemporary prevalence and correlates of incident heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Med 126(5):393–400

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jankowska EA, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Macdougall IC, Ponikowski P (2012) Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives. Eur Heart J 34(11):816–29

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anna LB, Josephine Lillian W, Nia R, Philippe M, Nick PT, David K (2019) Iron deficiency in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart 6(1):e001012

Article  Google Scholar 

Lindberg F, Lund LH, Benson L, Linde C, Orsini N, Carrero JJ et al (2023) Iron deficiency in heart failure: screening, prevalence, incidence and outcome data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry and the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements collaborative project. Eur J Heart Fail 25(8):1270–1280

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nanas JN, Matsouka C, Karageorgopoulos D, Leonti A, Tsolakis E, Drakos SG et al (2006) Etiology of anemia in patients with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 48(12):2485–2489

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mesquita T, Lin Y-N, Ibrahim A (2021) Chronic low-grade inflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Aging Cell 20(9):e13453

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

von Haehling S, Ebner N, Evertz R, Ponikowski P, Anker SD (2019) Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: An Overview. JACC Heart Fail 7(1):36–46

Article  Google Scholar 

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Cleland JGF, Kalra PR, Mentz RJ et al (2024) Redefining Iron Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation 150(2):151–161

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Camaschella C, Pagani A (2011) Iron and erythropoiesis: a dual relationship. Int J Hematol 93(1):21–26

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okonko DO, Mandal AK, Missouris CG, Poole-Wilson PA (2011) Disordered iron homeostasis in chronic heart failure: prevalence, predictors, and relation to anemia, exercise capacity, and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(12):1241–1251

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weerts J, Barandiaran Aizpurua MA, Brouwers JHM, Mevenkamp J, Schroen BLM, Knackstedt C et al (2022) Effect of iron deficiency on skeletal muscle metabolism in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.778

Article  Google Scholar 

Martens P, Claessen G, Van De Bruaene A, Verbrugge FH, Herbots L, Dendale P et al (2021) Iron deficiency is associated with impaired biventricular reserve and reduced exercise capacity in patients with unexplained dyspnea. J Card Fail 27(7):766–76

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naito Y, Tsujino T, Matsumoto M, Sakoda T, Ohyanagi M, Masuyama T (2009) Adaptive response of the heart to long-term anemia induced by iron deficiency. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296(3):H585–H93

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiss G, Ganz T, Goodnough LT (2019) Anemia of inflammation. Blood 133(1):40–50

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Wal HH, Grote Beverborg N, Dickstein K, Anker SD, Lang CC, Ng LL et al (2019) Iron deficiency in worsening heart failure is associated with reduced estimated protein intake, fluid retention, inflammation, and antiplatelet use. Eur Heart J 40(44):3616–25

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Masini G, Graham FJ, Pellicori P, Cleland JGF, Cuthbert JJ, Kazmi S et al (2022) Criteria for iron deficiency in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 79(4):341–51

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gevaert AB, Mueller S, Winzer EB, Duvinage A, Van de Heyning CM, Pieske-Kraigher E et al (2021) Iron deficiency impacts diastolic function, aerobic exercise capacity, and patient phenotyping in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a subanalysis of the OptimEx-Clin study. Front Physiol 12:757268

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Batchelor EK, Kapitsinou P, Pergola PE, Kovesdy CP, Jalal DI (2020) Iron Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Updates on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 31(3):456–468

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM et al (2022) 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 79(17):e263–e421

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perticone M, Zito R, Miceli S, Pinto A, Suraci E, Greco M et al (2019) Immunity, inflammation and heart failure: their role on cardiac function and iron status. Front Immunol 10:2315

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Cleland JGF, Kalra PR, Mentz RJ et al (2024) Critical re-evaluation of the identification of iron deficiency states and effective iron repletion strategies in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 26(6):1298–1312

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mistry R, Hosoya H, Kohut A, Ford P (2019) Iron deficiency in heart failure, an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition during hospitalization. Ann Hematol 98(10):2293–2297

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Redfield MM, Borlaug BA (2023) Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Review. JAMA 329(10):827–838

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bekfani T, Nisser J, Derlien S, Hamadanchi A, Frob E, Dannberg G et al (2021) Psychosocial factors, mental health, and coordination capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 8(4):3268–78

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif