Seto, W.-K., Lo, Y.-R., Pawlotsky, J.-M., and Yuen, M.-F., Chronic hepatitis B virus infection, Lancet, 2018, vol. 392, pp. 2313–2324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31865-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mendenhall, M.A., Hong, X., and Hu, J., Hepatitis B virus capsid: the core in productive entry and covalently closed circular DNA formation, Viruses, 2023, vol. 15, p. 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030642

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seeger, C. and Mason, W.S., Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection, Virology, 2015, vols. 479–480, pp. 672–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.031

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kostyushev, D., Kostyusheva, A., Brezgin, S., Ponomareva, N., Zakirova, N.F., Egorshina, A., Yanvarev, D.V, Bayurova, E., Sudina, A., Goptar, I., Nikiforova, A., Dunaeva, E., Lisitsa, T., Abramov, I., Frolova, A., Lukashev, A., Gordeychuk, I., Zamyatnin, A.A.J., Ivanov, A., and Chulanov, V., Depleting hepatitis B virus relaxed circular DNA is necessary for resolution of infection by CRISPR-Cas9, Mol. Ther.–Nucleic Acids, 2023, vol. 31, pp. 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo, F., Zhao, Q., Sheraz, M., Cheng, J., Qi, Y., Su, Q., Cuconati, A., Wei, L., Du, Y., Li, W., Chang, J., and Guo, J.-T., HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways, PLoS Pathog., 2017, vol. 13, p. e1006658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006658

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang, L., Sheraz, M., McGrane, M., Chang, J., and Guo, J.-T., DNA Polymerase alpha is essential for intracellular amplification of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA, PLoS Pathog., 2019, vol. 15, p. e1007742. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007742

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lucifora, J., Xia, Y., Reisinger, F., Zhang, K., Stadler, D., Cheng, X., Sprinzl, M.F., Koppenstei-ner, H., Makowska, Z., Volz, T., Remouchamps, C., Chou, W.-M., Thasler, W.E., Hüser, N., Durantel, D., Liang, T.J., Münk, C., Heim, M.H., Browning, J.L., Dejardin, E., Dandri, M., Schindler, M., Heikenwalder, M., and Protzer, U., Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA, Science, 2014, vol. 343, pp. 1221–1228. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243462

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mutz, P., Metz, P., Lempp, F.A., Bender, S., Qu, B., Schöneweis, K., Seitz, S., Tu, T., Restuccia, A., Frankish, J., Dächert, C., Schusser, B., Koschny, R., Polychronidis, G., Schemmer, P., Hoffmann, K., Baumert, T.F., Binder, M., Urban, S., and Bartenschlager, R., HBV bypasses the innate immune response and does not protect HCV from antiviral activity of interferon, Gastroenterology, 2018, vol. 154, pp. 1791−1804.e22. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.044

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lebossé, F., Testoni, B., Fresquet, J., Facchetti, F., Galmozzi, E., Fournier, M., Hervieu, V., Berthillon, P., Berby, F., Bordes, I., Durantel, D., Levrero, M., Lampertico, P., and Zoulim, F., Intrahepatic innate immune response pathways are downregulated in untreated chronic hepatitis B, J. Hepatol., 2017, vol. 66, pp. 897–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.024

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan, M., Syed, G.H., Kim, S.-J., and Siddiqui, A., Hepatitis B virus-induced parkin-dependent recruitment of linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) to mitochondria and attenuation of innate immunity, PLoS Pathog., 2016, vol. 12, p. e1005693.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou, L., He, R., Fang, P., Li, M., Yu, H., Wang, Q., Yu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Chen, A., Peng, N., Lin, Y., Zhang, R., Trilling, M., Broering, R., Lu, M., Zhu, Y., and Liu, S., Hepatitis B virus rigs the cellular metabolome to avoid innate immune recognition, Nat. Commun., 2021, vol. 12, p. 98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20316-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hou, Z.H., Han, Q.J., Zhang, C., Tian, Z.G., and Zhang, J., miR146a impairs the IFN-induced anti-HBV immune response by downregulating STAT1 in hepatocytes, Liver Int., 2014, vol. 34, pp. 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12244

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kao, C.C., Nie, Y., Ren, S., De Costa, N.T.T.S., Pandey, R.K., Hong, J., Smith, D.B., Symons, J.A., Beigelman, L., and Blatt, L.M., Mechanism of action of hepatitis B virus S antigen transport-inhibiting oligonucleotide polymer, STOPS, molecules, Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids, 2021, vol. 27, pp. 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.013

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zuo, D., Chen, Y., Cai, J.-P., Yuan, H.-Y., Wu, J.-Q., Yin, Y., Xie, J.-W., Lin, J.-M., Luo, J., Feng, Y., Ge, L.-J., Zhou, J., Quinn, R. J., Zhao, S.-J., Tong, X., Jin, D.-Y., Yuan, S., Dai, S.-X., and Xu, M., A hnRNPA2B1 agonist effectively inhibits HBV and SARS-CoV-2 omicron in vivo, Protein Cell, 2022, vol. 14, pp. 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwac027

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Listerman, I., Sapra, A.K., and Neugebauer, K.M., Cotranscriptional coupling of splicing factor recruitment and precursor messenger RNA splicing in mammalian cells, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2006, vol. 13, pp. 815–822. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1135

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoek, K.S., Kidd, G.J., Carson, J.H., and Smith, R., hnRNP A2 selectively binds the cytoplasmic transport sequence of myelin basic protein mRNA, Biochemistry, 1998, vol. 37, pp. 7021–7029.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kwon, S., Barbarese, E., and Carson, J.H., The cis-acting RNA trafficking signal from myelin basic protein mRNA and its cognate trans-acting ligand hnRNP A2 enhance cap-dependent translation, J. Cell Biol., 1999, vol. 147, pp. 247–256.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hatfield, J.T., Rothnagel, J.A., and Smith, R., Characterization of the mouse hnRNP A2/B1/B0 gene and identification of processed pseudogenes, Gene, 2002, vol. 295, pp. 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00800-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He, Y., Brown, M.A., Rothnagel, J.A., Saunders, N.A., and Smith, R., Roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A and B in cell proliferation, J. Cell Sci., 2005, vol. 118, pp. 3173–3183. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02448

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harrison, A.F. and Shorter, J., RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains in health and disease, Biochem. J., 2017, vol. 474, pp. 1417–1438. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160499

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang, L., Wen, M., and Cao, X., Nuclear hnRNPA2B1 initiates and amplifies the innate immune response to DNA viruses, Science, 2019, vol. 365, p. eaav0758. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav0758

Guo, X., Chen, P., Hou, X., Xu, W., Wang, D., Wang, T., Zhang, L., Zheng, G., Gao, Z., He, C.-Y., Zhou, B., and Chen, Z.-Y., The recombined cccDNA produced using minicircle technology mimicked HBV genome in structure and function closely, Sci. Rep., 2016, vol. 6, p. 25552. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25552

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kostyusheva, A., Brezgin, S., Bayurova, E., Gordeychuk, I., Isaguliants, M., Goptar, I., Urusov, F., Nikiforova, A., Volchkova, E., Kostyushev, D., Chulanov, V., Kostyusheva, A., Brezgin, S., Bayu-rova, E., Gordeychuk, I., Isaguliants, M., Goptar, I., Urusov, F., Nikiforova, A., Volchkova, E., Kostyushev, D., and Chulanov, V., ATM and ATR expression potentiates HBV replication and contributes to reactivation of HBV infection upon DNA damage, Viruses, 2019, vol. 11, p. 997.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kostyushev, D., Brezgin, S., Kostyusheva, A., Zarifyan, D., Goptar, I., and Chulanov, V., Orthologous CRISPR/Cas9 systems for specific and efficient degradation of covalently closed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2019, vol. 76, pp. 1779–1794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03021-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kostyushev, D., Brezgin, S., Kostyusheva, A., Ponomareva, N., Bayurova, E., Zakirova, N., Kondrashova, A., Goptar, I., Nikiforova, A., Sudina, A., et al., Transient and tunable CRISPRa regulation of APOBEC/AID genes for targeting hepatitis B virus, Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids, 2023, vol. 32, pp. 478–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.016

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hilton, I.B., D’Ippolito, A.M., Vockley, C.M., Thakore, P.I., Crawford, G.E., Reddy, T.E., and Gersbach, C.A., Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers, Nat. Biotechnol., 2015, vol. 33, pp. 510–517. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3199

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qu, B., Ni, Y., Lempp, F.A., Vondran, F.W.R., and Urban, S., T5 exonuclease hydrolysis of hepatitis B virus replicative intermediates allows reliable quantification and fast drug efficacy testing of covalently closed circular DNA by PCR, J. Virol., 2018, vol. 92, p. e01117-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01117-18

Article  CAS  PubMed