Research ArticleImmunologyInfectious disease Open Access | 10.1172/JCI200628

Jason Nideffer,1,2 Florian Bach,1 Steven Strubbe,2 Luis Lopez,1 Maato Zedi,3 Felistas Nankya,3 Jessica Briggs,4 Kattria van der Ploeg,1 Kenneth Musinguzi,3 Soyeon Kim,1 Aracely Garcia Romero,1 Arefin Keya,4 Kylie Camanag,1 Savannah Lewis,1 Muhammad Abdelbasset,1,5 Bing Wang,2 Allison Boss,2 Evelyn Nansubuga,3 Joaniter I. Nankabirwa,3 Emmanuel Arinaitwe,3 Saki Takahashi,6 Grant Dorsey,4 Bryan Greenhouse,4 Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer,4 Moses R. Kamya,3,7 Rosa Bacchetta,2 Isaac Ssewanyana,3 Ashraful Haque,8 Maria Grazia Roncarolo,2 and Prasanna Jagannathan1,9

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Nideffer, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Bach, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Strubbe, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Lopez, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Zedi, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Nankya, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Briggs, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by van der Ploeg, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Musinguzi, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Kim, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Garcia Romero, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Keya, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Camanag, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Lewis, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Abdelbasset, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Wang, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Boss, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Nansubuga, E. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Nankabirwa, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Arinaitwe, E. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Takahashi, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Dorsey, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Greenhouse, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Rodriguez-Barraquer, I. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Kamya, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Bacchetta, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Ssewanyana, I. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Haque, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

6Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Address correspondence to: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, 265 Campus Dr., Room G3015, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.498.0297; Email: mg1@stanford.edu. Or to: Prasanna Jagannathan, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3456, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. Phone: 650.724.5343; Email: prasj@stanford.edu.

Find articles by Roncarolo, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine and

2Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

3Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.

4Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, UCSD, San Francisco, USA.

5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.