Aguirre AJ, Bardeesy N, Sinha M, Lopez L, Tuveson DA, Horner J, Redston MS, DePinho RA (2003) Activated Kras and Ink4a/Arf Deficiency Cooperate to Produce Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev 17:3112–3126

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Borzacchiello L, Veglia Tranchese R, Grillo R, Arpino R, Mosca L, Cacciapuoti G, Porcelli M (2022) S-Adenosylmethionine inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration through miRNA-mediated targeting of Notch signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 23:7673

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brown BA, Myers PJ, Adair SJ, Pitarresi JR, Sah-Teli SK, Campbell LA, Hart WS, Barbeau MC, Leong K, Seyler N, Kane W, Lee KE, Stelow E, Jones M, Simon MC, Koivunen P, Bauer TW, Stanger BZ, Lazzara MJ (2024) A Histone Methylation-MAPK Signaling Axis Drives Durable Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypoxic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 84:1764–1780

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deramaudt T, Rustgi AK (2005) Mutant KRAS in the Initiation of Pancreatic Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1756:97–101

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erkan M, Hausmann S, Michalski CW, Fingerle AA, Dobritz M, Kleeff J, Friess H (2012) The Role of Stroma in Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:454–467

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fitzgerald TL, McCubrey JA (2014) Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells: Association with Cell Surface Markers, Prognosis, Resistance, Metastasis and Treatment. Adv Biol Regul 56:45–50

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giannuzzo A, Pedersen SF, Novak I (2015) The P2X7 receptor regulates cell survival, migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Cancer 14:203

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo HC, Hu Z, Yang X, Yuan Z, Wang M, Chen C, Xie L, Gao YY, Li WJ, Bai YH, Lin CJ (2024a) Smad4 Regulates TGF-β1-Mediated Hedgehog Activation to Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Suppressing Gli1 Activity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 23:1189–1200

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo QY, Song JN, Chen YM, Yuan HN, Xue WS, Sun Y, Niu XL, Wang Y, Chen X (2024b) IL-6 regulates epithelial ovarian cancer EMT, invasion, and metastasis by modulating Let-7c and miR-200c through the STAT3/HIF-1α pathway. Med Oncol 41:155

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halbrook CJ, Lyssiotis CA, Pasca di Magliano M, Maitra A (2023) Pancreatic cancer: advances and challenges. Cell 186:1729–1754

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Higashihara T, Yoshitomi H, Nakata Y, Kagawa S, Takano S, Shimizu H, Kato A, Furukawa K, Ohtsuka M, Miyazaki M (2017) Sex Determining Region Y Box 9 Induces Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Induction of Putative Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics and Its High Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis. Pancreas 46:1296–1304

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hingorani SR, Petricoin EF, Maitra A, Rajapakse V, King C, Jacobetz MA, Ross S, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Hitt BA, Kawaguchi Y, Johann D, Liotta LA, Crawford HC, Putt ME, Jacks T, Wright CV, Hruban RH, Lowy AM, Tuveson DA (2003) Preinvasive and Invasive Ductal Pancreatic Cancer and Its Early Detection in the Mouse. Cancer Cell 4:437–450

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hisatomi H, Nagao K, Wakita K, Kohno N (2002) ARHI/NOEY2 Inactivation May Be Important in Breast Tumor Pathogenesis. Oncology 62:136–140

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horisawa K, Imai T, Okano H, Yanagawa H (2010) The Musashi Family RNA-Binding Proteins in Stem Cells. Biomol Concepts 1:59–66

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jain RK, Martin JD, Stylianopoulos T (2014) The Role of Mechanical Forces in Tumor Growth and Therapy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 16:321–346

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang M, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang K, Wang T, Bo Z, Lu S, Rodriguez RA, Wei R, Zhu M, Nicot C, Sethi G (2025) EMT and cancer stem cells: drivers of therapy resistance and promising therapeutictargets. Drug Resist Updat 83:101276

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klingauf M, Beck M, Berge U, Turgay Y, Heinzer S, Horvath P, Kroschewski R (2013) The Tumour Suppressor DiRas3 Interacts with C-RAF and Downregulates MEK Activity to Restrict Cell Migration. Biol Cell 105:91–107

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koshiji M, Kageyama Y, Pete EA, Horikawa I, Barrett JC, Huang LE (2004) HIF-1α Induces Cell Cycle Arrest by Functionally Counteracting Myc. EMBO J 23:1949–1956

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuang P, Xie A, Deng J, Tang J, Wang P, Yu F (2022) GTP-Binding Protein Di-RAS3 Diminishes the Migration and Invasion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting the RAS/Extracellular-Regulated Kinase Pathway. Bioengineered 13:5663–5674

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kumari L, Mishra L, Sharma Y, Chahar K, Kumar M, Patel P, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD (2024) NOTCH Signaling Pathway: Occurrence, Mechanism, and NOTCH-Directed Therapy for the Management of Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 39:19–34

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee CT, Chu CA, Wang YM, Wang YW, Chen YL, Ho CL, Yeh YM, Lin PC, Lin BW, Chen PC, Chen SH, Chan RH, Chang C, Chow NH (2023) Dual Role of Sprouty2 as an Inhibitor of RAS/ERK-Driven Proliferation and a Promoter of Cancer Invasion in KRAS Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer. Mol Carcinog 62:951–962

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lim JH, Park JW, Kim MS, Park SK, Johnson RS, Chun YS (2006) Bafilomycin Induces the p21-Mediated Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions by Expressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Mol Pharmacol 70:1856–1865

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Hurst DR, Qu X, Lu LG, Wu CZ, Li YY, Li Y (2020) Re-expression of DIRAS3 and p53 Induces Apoptosis and Impaired Autophagy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mil Med Res 7:48

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu Z, Bast RC Jr (2013) The tumor suppressor gene ARHI (DIRAS3) inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration through multiple mechanisms. Cell Adh Migr 7:232–236

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu X, Qian J, Yu Y, Yang H, Li J (2009) Expression of the Tumor Suppressor ARHI Inhibits the Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Inducing G1 Cell Cycle Arrest. Oncol Rep 22:635–640

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma J, Xia J, Miele L, Sarkar FH, Wang Z (2013) Notch signaling pathway in Pancreatic Cancer progression. Pancreat Disord Ther 3:1000114

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Malinda RR, Zeeberg K, Sharku PC, Ludwig MQ, Pedersen LB, Christensen ST, Pedersen SF (2020) TGF-β signaling increases net acid extrusion, proliferation and invasion in PANC-1 Pancreatic Cancer cells: SMAD4 dependence and link to Merlin/NF2 signaling. Front Oncol 10:687

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miller KD, Nogueira L, Devasia T, Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Jemal A, Kramer J, Siegel RL (2022) Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 72:409–436

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, Maitra A, Bailey JM, McAllister F, Reichert M, Beatty GL, Rustgi AK, Vonderheide RH, Leach SD, Stanger BZ (2012) EMT and Dissemination Precede Pancreatic Tumor Formation. Cell 148:349–361

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N (2014) Pancreatic Ad