Oranger A, Carbone C, Izzo M, Grano M. Cellular Mechanisms of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:289458.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wu S, Kuang H, Ke J, Pi M, Yang D-H. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Immune Cell Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol. 2020;10:591342.
Rana PS, Goparaju K, Driscoll JJ. Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1141851.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sutanto H, Sandra DY, Safira A, Adytia GJ, Waitupu A, Romadhon PZ. Genetic, epigenetic, and molecular determinants of multiple myeloma and precursor plasma cell disorders: a pathophysiological overview. Med Oncol. 2025;42:234.
Durie BGM. The role of anatomic and functional staging in myeloma: description of Durie/Salmon plus staging system. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:1539–43.
Sager S, Ergül N, Ciftci H, Cetin G, Güner SI, Cermik TF. The value of FDG PET/CT in the initial staging and bone marrow involvement of patients with multiple myeloma. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40:843–7.
Batsukh K, Lee S-E, Min GJ, et al. Distinct Clinical Outcomes between Paramedullary and Extramedullary Lesions in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. Immune Netw. 2017;17:250–60.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cavo M, Terpos E, Nanni C, et al. Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders: a consensus statement by the International Myeloma Working Group. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:e206–17.
Moreau P, Attal M, Caillot D, et al. Prospective Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography at Diagnosis and Before Maintenance Therapy in Symptomatic Patients With Multiple Myeloma Included in the IFM/DFCI 2009 Trial: Results of the IMAJEM Study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:2911–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Davies FE, Rosenthal A, Rasche L, et al. Treatment to suppression of focal lesions on positron emission tomography-computed tomography is a therapeutic goal in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2018;103:1047–53.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nanni C, Versari A, Chauvie S, et al. Interpretation criteria for FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma (IMPeTUs): final results. IMPeTUs (Italian myeloma criteria for PET USe). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45:712–9.
Waheed S, Mitchell A, Usmani S, et al. Standard and novel imaging methods for multiple myeloma: correlates with prognostic laboratory variables including gene expression profiling data. Haematologica. 2013;98:71–8.
Elliott BM, Peti S, Osman K, et al. Combining FDG-PET/CT with laboratory data yields superior results for prediction of relapse in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 2011;86:289–98.
Sachpekidis C, Mai EK, Goldschmidt H, et al. (18)F-FDG dynamic PET/CT in patients with multiple myeloma: patterns of tracer uptake and correlation with bone marrow plasma cell infiltration rate. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40:e300–307.
Dimopoulos MA, Moreau P, Terpos E, et al. Multiple myeloma: EHA-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:309–22.
Moreau P, San Miguel J, Ludwig H, et al. Multiple myeloma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(Suppl 6):vi133–137.
YUE X, HUANG L, YANG Y, et al. High levels of serum IL-10 indicate disease progression, extramedullary involvement, and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2022;23:968–74.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mishra AK, Dingli D. Metformin inhibits IL-6 signaling by decreasing IL-6R expression on multiple myeloma cells. Leukemia. 2019;33:2695–709.
Akhmetzyanova I, Aaron T, Galbo P, et al. Tissue-resident macrophages promote early dissemination of multiple myeloma via IL-6 and TNFα. Blood Adv. 2021;5:3592–608.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dammacco F, Rubini G, Ferrari C, Vacca A, Racanelli V. 18F-FDG PET/CT: a review of diagnostic and prognostic features in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Clin Exp Med. 2015;15:1–18.
Nanni C, Zamagni E, Versari A, et al. Image interpretation criteria for FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma: a new proposal from an Italian expert panel. IMPeTUs (Italian Myeloma criteria for PET USe). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43:414–21.
Patriarca F, Carobolante F, Zamagni E, et al. The role of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated with computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl. 2015;21:1068–73.
Silva Y, Riedinger J-M, Chrétien M-L, et al. Comparison between tumour metabolism derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT and accurate cytogenetic stratification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2021;11:4299–309.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xu S, Jiao S, Guo H, Chen W, Yao S. IMPeTUs parameters correlate with clinical features in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Eur J Radiol Open. 2024;13:100598.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bao J, Xiong M, Zheng M, Huang P, Lin X. Tumour and adipose tissue uptake on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) predict immunotherapy response in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Radiol. 2025;87:106959.
Lee BM, Lee CG. Significance of mid-radiotherapy 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in esophageal cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2022;171:114–20.
Güzel F, Tuzcu ŞA, Taşdemir B. Metabolic parameters in F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for treatment response in colorectal carcinoma. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2025;71:e20241024.
Iwata M, Kurata Y, Hayano K, et al. Dynamic whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography for predicting treatment response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2025;30:504.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang H, Li S, Wang D, et al. Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion: the interplay in the tumor microenvironment. Biomark Res. 2024;12:96.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rao D, Stunnenberg JA, Lacroix R, et al. Acidity-mediated induction of FoxP3 + regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2023;53:e2250258.
Kondo M, Kumagai S, Nishikawa H. Metabolic advantages of regulatory T cells dictated by cancer cells. Int Immunol. 2024;36:75–86.
Mao Y, Yin S, Zhang J, et al. A new effect of IL-4 on human γδ T cells: promoting regulatory Vδ1 T cells via IL-10 production and inhibiting function of Vδ2 T cells. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13:217–28.
Fernandes Q, Ansari AW, Makni-Maalej K, et al. Interleukin 10: Bridging the chasms in the immune landscape of multiple myeloma. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2025;391:199–222.
Pu J, Liu T, Sharma A, et al. Advances in adoptive cellular immunotherapy and therapeutic breakthroughs in multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2024;13:105.
Comments (0)