Worry and Anxiety in the Era of Early Diagnosis and Disease Modifying Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease

Boxer AL, Sperling R. Accelerating Alzheimer’s therapeutic development: the past and future of clinical trials. Cell. 2023;186:4757–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.023.

Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cummings J, Apostolova L, Rabinovici GD, et al. Lecanemab: Appropriate use recommendations. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10:362–77. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2023.30.

Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fu W, Ho PC-L. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: advances in early detection and monitoring of age-related neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev. 2026;117:103058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2026.103058.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jack CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. 2018;14:535–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim KY, Shin KY, Chang K-A. GFAP as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cells. 2023;12:1309. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12091309.

Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olsson B, Lautner R, Andreasson U, et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:673–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)00070-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ossenkoppele R, van der Kant R, Hansson O. Tau biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: towards implementation in clinical practice and trials. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21:726–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00168-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parums DV. Editorial: Real-world outcomes of disease-modifying therapies highlight the need for diagnostic biomarkers in early Alzheimer’s disease. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2025;31:e951655. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.951655.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rani S, Dhar SB, Khajuria A, et al. Advanced overview of biomarkers and techniques for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2023;43:2491–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01330-y.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Oostveen WM, de Lange ECM. Imaging techniques in Alzheimer’s disease: A review of applications in early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042110.

Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

VandeVrede L, Schindler SE. Clinical use of biomarkers in the era of Alzheimer’s disease treatments. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;21:e14201. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14201.

Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu J, Geng C, Liu L, et al. Advancement of disease-modifying therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: from the perspective of new revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Plus. 2025;2:100112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medp.2025.100112.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu C, Zhao L, Dong C. A review of application of Aβ42/40 ratio in diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;90:495–512. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-220673.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dubois B, Padovani A, Scheltens P, et al. Timely diagnosis for Alzheimer’s Disease: A literature review on benefits and challenges. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;49:617–31. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-150692.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gauthier SG. Alzheimer’s disease: the benefits of early treatment. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12(Suppl 3):11–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01322.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Porsteinsson AP, Isaacson RS, Knox S, et al. Diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease: clinical practice in 2021. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2021;8:371–86. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2021.23.

Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rasmussen J, Langerman H. Alzheimer’s disease – Why we need early diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2019;9:123–30. https://doi.org/10.2147/DNND.S228939.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wessels AM, Dennehy EB, Dowsett SA, et al. Meaningful clinical changes in Alzheimer disease measured with the iADRS and illustrated using the Donanemab TRAILBLAZER-ALZ study findings. Neurol Clin Pract. 2023;13:e200127. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200127.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goswami S, Masurkar PP, Sherer JT. Donanemab and lecanemab in Alzheimer’s disease treatment: a narrative review of clinical trials and discussion of implications for patient access. Equity Neurosci. 2026;2:100057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuros.2026.100057.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nakashima S, Sato K, Niimi Y, et al. Therapeutic time window of disease-modifying therapy for early Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement Transl Res Clin Interv. 2025;11:e70102. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70102.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wu C-K, Fuh J-L. A 2025 update on treatment strategies for the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum. J Chin Med Assoc. 2025;88:495–502. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001252.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mosalisa M, Roomaney R. Medical gas-lighting, diagnostic odyssey and self-advocacy among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder from nine countries. J Health Psychol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053251401286.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Doctor shopping. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2012;9:42–6.

PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Institute of Medicine (IOM). Imperative: achieving greater value in health care. Best care low. Cost path contin. Learn. Health care am. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2013.

Google Scholar 

Müskens JLJM, Kool RB, van Dulmen SA, et al. Overuse of diagnostic testing in healthcare: a systematic review. BMJ Qual Saf. 2022;31:54–63. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2020-012576.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norbye AD, Abelsen B, Førde OH, et al. Health anxiety is an important driver of healthcare use. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07529-x.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hanson L, Barclay T, Hanson A, et al. D2–4: failure on cognitive screening predicts increased healthcare utilization. Clin Med Res. 2014;12:86. https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2014.1250.d2-4.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boone KB. Fixed belief in cognitive dysfunction despite normal neuropsychological scores: neurocognitive hypochondriasis? Clin Neuropsychol. 2009;23:1016–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040802441135.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kessler E-M, Bowen CE, Baer M, et al. Dementia worry: a psychological examination of an unexplored phenomenon. Eur J Ageing. 2012;9:275–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0242-8.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roberts JS. Anticipating response to predictive genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease: a survey of first-degree relatives. Gerontologist. 2000;40:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/40.1.43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Werner P, AboJabel H, Maxfield M. Conceptualization, measurement and correlates of dementia worry: a scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;92:104246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104246.

Comments (0)

No login
gif