Yamaoka S, Ebihara H. Pathogenicity and virulence of ebolaviruses with species- and variant-specificity. Virulence. 2021;12(1):885–901. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1898169.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Martínez MJ, Salim AM, Hurtado JC, et al. Ebola virus infection: overview and update on prevention and treatment. Infect Dis Ther. 2015;4:365–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-015-0079-5.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Malvy D, McElroy AK, de Clerck H, Günther S, van Griensven J. Ebola virus disease. Lancet. 2019;393(10174):936–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33132-5.
Hussein HA. Brief review on ebola virus disease and one health approach. Heliyon. 2023;9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19036.
Pellejero-Sagastizábal G, Bulescu C, Gupta N, Jokelainen P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Barac A, Goorhuis A, Jacob ST, Agnandji ST, Ntoumi F, Mora-Rillo M. Delayed correct diagnoses in emerging disease outbreaks: historical patterns and lessons for contemporary responses. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2025;31(8):1298–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2025.04.007.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kamalrathne T, Amaratunga D, Haigh R, Kodituwakku L, Rupasinghe C. Epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response in a multi-hazard context: COVID-19 pandemic as a point of reference. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21:1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091238.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chiappelli F, Bakhordarian A, Thames AD, et al. Ebola: translational science considerations. J Transl Med. 2015;13:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0362-3.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rivera A, Messaoudi I. Molecular mechanisms of Ebola pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol. Nov 2016;100(5):889–904. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.4RI0316-099RR.
Rojas M, Monsalve DM, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Ebola virus disease: An emerging and re-emerging viral threat. J Autoimmun. 2020;106:102375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102375.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
El Ayoubi LE, Mahmoud O, Zakhour J, Kanj SS. Recent advances in the treatment of Ebola disease: a brief overview. PLoS Pathog. 2024;20(3):e1012038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012038.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tshiani Mbaya O, Mukumbayi P, Mulangu S. Review: insights on current FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies against ebola virus infection. Front Immunol. 2021;12:721328. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.721328.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kikwango EM, Akilimali PZ, Tran NT. Impact of most promising Ebola therapies on survival: a secondary analysis during the tenth outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Virol J. 2025;22:144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02766-y.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Edidi-Atani F, Morales-Betoulle ME, Legand A, Nkuba-Ndaye A, Bulabula-Penge J, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Crozier I, Mambu-Mbika F, Whitmer S, Mbaya OT. Fatal meningoencephalitis associated with Ebola virus persistence in two survivors of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a case report study. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00137-X.
Leroy EM, Gonzalez JP, Baize S. Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fever viruses: major scientific advances, but a relatively minor public health threat for Africa. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17(7):964–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03535.x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Muñoz-Fontela C, McElroy AK. Ebola virus disease in humans: pathophysiology and immunity. In: Mühlberger E, Hensley L, Towner J, editors. Marburg- and Ebolaviruses. Current topics in microbiology and immunology. Volume 411. Cham: Springer; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2017_11.
Liu WB, Li ZX, Du Y, et al. Ebola virus disease: from epidemiology to prophylaxis. Military Med Res. 2015;2:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-015-0035-4.
Hasan S, Ahmad SA, Masood R, Saeed S. Ebola virus: A global public health menace. J Family Med Prim Care 8(7):p 2189–201, July 2019. | https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_297_19
Gupta S, Gupta N, Yadav P, Patil D. Ebola virus outbreak preparedness plan for developing nations: lessons learnt from affected countries. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):293–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.030.
Leendertz SAJ, Gogarten JF, Düx A, et al. Assessing the evidence supporting fruit bats as the primary reservoirs for ebola viruses. EcoHealth. 2016;13:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1053-0.
Wegner GI, Murray KA, Springmann M, Muller A, Sokolow SH, Saylors K, Morens DM. Averting wildlife-borne infectious disease epidemics requires a focus on socio-ecological drivers and a redesign of the global food system. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101386.
Pigott DM, Golding N, Mylne A, Huang Z, Henry AJ, Weiss DJ, Brady OJ, Kraemer MU, Smith DL, Moyes CL, Bhatt S, Gething PW, Horby PW, Bogoch II, Brownstein JS, Mekaru SR, Tatem AJ, Khan K, Hay SI. Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa eLife. 2014;3:e04395. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04395
Farsiu N, Rezaie Zadeh Rukerd M, Khodadadpour Mahani F, Zeinali Nezhad N, Rahimi M, Mirtajadini FS, Pardeshenas M, Nakhaie M, Hassandarvish P. Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and other zoonotic RNA viruses: pathogenesis, climate-driven dynamics, and strategies for global control. Front Microbiol. 2026;17:1755594. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1755594.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Grépin KA, Poirier MJ, Fox AM. The socio-economic distribution of exposure to Ebola: survey evidence from Liberia and Sierra Leone. SSM-population health. 2020;10:100472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100472.
Hewlett AL, Varkey JB, Smith PW, Ribner BS. Ebola virus disease: preparedness and infection control lessons learned from two biocontainment units. Curr Opin Infect Dis. August 2015;28(4):343–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000176.
Stephens MT, Dossen PC. The potential risk components and prevention measures of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia: An in-depth interview with the health workers and stakeholders. Belitung Nurs J. 2024;10(1):67. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.3069.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bausch DGRA. West Africa 2013: Re-examining Ebola. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4.https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.ei10-0022-2016
Crozier I, Britson KA, Wolfe DN, Klena JD, Hensley LE, Lee JS, Wolfraim LA, Taylor KL, Higgs ES, Montgomery JM, et al. The evolution of medical countermeasures for ebola virus disease: lessons learned and next steps. Vaccines. 2022;10:1213. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081213.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vossler H, Akilimali P, Pan Y, et al. Analysis of individual-level data from 2018–2020 Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sci Rep. 2022;12:5534. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09564-4.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Guetiya Wadoum RE, Sevalie S, Minutolo A, Clarke A, Russo G, Colizzi V, Mattei M, Montesano C. The 2018–2020 Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a better response had been achieved through inter-state coordination in Africa. Risk management and healthcare policy. 2021 Dec 10:4923–30. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S327616
Biedenkopf N, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, et al. Renaming of genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus to Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus, respectively, and introduction of binomial species names within family Filoviridae. Arch Virol. 2023;168:220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05834-2.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Biedenkopf N, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, Di Paola N, Formenty PB, Griffiths A, Hume AJ, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Palacios G, Pawęska JT. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Filoviridae 2024. J Gen Virol. 2024;105(2):001955. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001955.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Almeida-Pinto F, Pinto R, Rocha J. Navigating the complex landscape of ebola infection treatment: a review of emerging pharmacological approaches. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13:21–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00913-y.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ghosh S, Saha A, Samanta S, Saha RP. Genome structure and genetic diversity in the Ebola virus. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021;60:83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2021.06.010.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rhein BA, Maury WJ. Ebola virus entry into host cells: identifying therapeutic strategies. Curr Clin Micro Rpt. 2015;2:115–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-015-0021-3.
Yu DS, Weng TH, Wu XX, Wang FX, Lu XY, Wu HB, Wu NP, Li LJ, Yao HP. The lifecycle of the Ebola virus in host cells. Oncotarget. 2017;8(33):55750. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18498.
Comments (0)