Management of Labral Tears Associated with Glenohumeral Instability in Athletes

Alexeev M, Kercher JS, Levina Y, Duralde XA. Variability of glenoid labral tear patterns: a study of 280 sequential surgical cases. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2021;30(12):2762–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2021.05.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu R, Onks C, Petscavage-Thomas J, Walker E, Berg A, Silvis M, et al. Prevalence of shoulder labral abnormalities on MRI in a non-athletic asymptomatic young adult population. Skelet Radiol. 2021;50(5):921–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-020-03629-z.

Article  Google Scholar 

Javed S, Gheorghiu D, Torrance E, Monga P, Funk L, Walton M. The incidence of traumatic posterior and combined labral tears in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder stabilization. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(11):2686–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519865910.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohr D, Nammour MA, Marcaccio SE, Arner JW, Bradley JP. Location of shoulder glenoid labral tears: a study of 1763 consecutive patients. Am J Sports Med. 2024;52(8):2063–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465241253835.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kibler WB, Sciascia A, Tokish JT, Kelly JD 4th, Thomas S, Bradley JP, Reinold M, Ciccotti M. Disabled Throwing Shoulder: 2021 Update: Part 2-Pathomechanics and Treatment. Arthroscopy. 2022;38(5):1727–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2022.02.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rajagopalan S, Chodavarapu MNS, Kambhampati SBS, Chinta SK, Kamineni S. Anterior labrum periosteal sleeve avulsion lesions of the shoulder: a scoping review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024;12(8):23259671241258198. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241258198.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramasamy SS, Nagarjun KC, Dsouza T, Ramakanth R, Singh B, Rajasekaran S. Shoulder glenolabral articular disruption lesion repair using suture bridge technique and concomitant panlabral repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2025;14(6):103502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2025.103502.

Article  Google Scholar 

Campbell P, Canetti E, Simas V, Schram R, Pope R, Orr R. Risk factors for the development of superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears in physically demanding occupations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2022;25(2):100060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2022.09.042.

Article  Google Scholar 

Swan ER, Lynch TB, Sheean AJ, Schmitz MR, Dickens JF, Patzkowski JC. High incidence of combined and posterior labral tears in military patients with operative shoulder instability. Am J Sports Med. 2022;50(6):1529–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465221078609.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waterman BR, Dean RS, Gregory B, Romeo AA. Surgical treatment of superior labral/biceps pathology in the overhead thrower. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023;31(5):e247–56.

Google Scholar 

Hippensteel KJ, Uppstrom TJ, Rodeo SA, Warren RF. Comprehensive review of multidirectional instability of the shoulder. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023;31:871–80.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ibounig T, Sanders S, Haas R, Jones M, Järvinen TL, Taimela S, et al. Systematic review of shoulder imaging abnormalities in asymptomatic adult shoulders (SCRUTINY): abnormalities of the glenohumeral joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024;32(10):1184–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2024.06.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tuite MJ, Pfirrmann CWA. Shoulder: instability. In: Hodler J, Kubik-Huch RA, Schulthess GK, editors. Musculoskeletal diseases 2021–2024. Cham (CH): Springer; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570161/. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71281-5_1

Kibler WB, Grantham WJ, Pike JSM, Sciascia AD. Glenoid labral injuries are more common posteriorly than superiorly and are combined across multiple areas of the glenoid. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2022;4(2):e535–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2021.11.014.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Loeb AE, Moore Z, Ithurburn MP, Kidwell-Chandler AL, Atkinson A, Froom R, et al. Outcomes of glenoid labral repair using all-suture anchors. Orthop J Sports Med. 2025;13(5):23259671251338802. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671251338802.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Forst OD, Touhey DC, Barksdale Rd EM, Smith MV, Keener JD, Knapik DM. Kim’s Lesion of the Shoulder: A Critical Analysis Review. JBJS Rev. 2025;13(9). https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.RVW.25.00126.

Ladd LM, Crews M, Maertz NA. Glenohumeral joint instability. Clin Sports Med. 2021;40:585–99.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Almajed YA, Hall AC, Gillingwater TH, Alashkham A. Anatomical, functional and biomechanical review of the glenoid labrum. J Anat. 2021;240:761–71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arner JW, Provencher MT, Bradley JP, Millett PJ. Evaluation and management of the contact athlete’s shoulder. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022;30(7):e1081–91.

Google Scholar 

Christensen GV, Smith KM, Kawakami J, Chalmers PN. Surgical management of superior labral tears in athletes: focus on biceps tenodesis. Open Access J Sports Med., Trasolini NA, Rue JPH, Waterman BR. In-season management of shoulder instability: how to evaluate, treat, and safely return to sport. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2023;16:295–305.

Dickens JF, Hoyt BW, Kilcoyne KG, LeClere LE. Posterior glenoid bone loss and instability: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023;31:429–39.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Albertson BS, Trasolini NA, Rue JPH, Waterman BR. In-season management of shoulder instability: how to evaluate, treat, and safely return to sport. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2023;16:295–305.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Omori Y, Yamamoto N, Koishi H, Futai K, Goto A, Sugamoto K. Measurement of the glenoid track in vivo as investigated by three-dimensional motion analysis using open MRI. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42:1290–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li RT, Kane G, Drummond M, Golan E, Wilson K, Lesniak BP, Rodosky M, Lin A. On-Track Lesions with a Small Distance to Dislocation Are Associated with Failure After Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(11):961–7. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.20.00917.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cong T, Charles S, Reddy RP, Fatora G, Fox MA, Barrow AE, Lesniak BP, Rodosky MW, Hughes JD, Popchak AJ, Lin A. Defining Critical Humeral Bone Loss: Inferior Craniocaudal Hill-Sachs Extension as Predictor of Recurrent Instability After Primary Arthroscopic Bankart Repair. Am J Sports Med. 2024;52(1):181–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465231209443.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tokish JM, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ. The nonoperative instability severity index score (NISIS): a simple tool to guide operative versus nonoperative treatment of the unstable shoulder. Sports Health. 2020;12(6):598–602. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120925738.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tokish JM, Kuhn JE, Ayers GD. Decision making in treatment after a first-time anterior glenohumeral dislocation: a Delphi approach by the Neer Circle of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2020;29(12):2429–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2020.08.011.

Article  Google Scholar 

Handoll HH, Hanchard NC, Goodchild L, Feary J. Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1(4):CD004962. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004962.pub2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kwapisz A, Shanley E, Momaya AM. Does functional bracing of the unstable shoulder improve return to play in scholastic athletes? Sports Health. 2021;13(1):45–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120942239.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arciero RA, Wheeler JH, Ryan JB, McBride JT. Arthroscopic Bankart repair versus nonoperative treatment for acute, initial anterior shoulder dislocations. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(5):589–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659402200504.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wheeler JH, Ryan JB, Arciero RA, Molinari RN. Arthroscopic versus nonoperative treatment of acute shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Arthroscopy. 1989;5(3):213–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-8063(89)90174-6.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bottoni CR, Wilckens JH, DeBerardino TM, D’Alleyrand JC, Rooney RC, Harpstrite JK, et al. A prospective, randomized evaluation of arthroscopic stabilization versus nonoperative treatment in patients with acute, traumatic, first-time shoulder dislocations. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(4):576–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300041801.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dickens JF, Owens BD, Cameron KL. Return to play and recurrent instability after in-season anterior shoulder instability: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(12):2842–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514553181.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schneider DJ, Tibone JE, McGarry MH, Grossman MG, Veneziani S, Lee TQ. Biomechanical evaluation after five and ten millimeter anterior glenohumeral capsulorrhaphy using a novel shoulder model of increased laxity. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2005;14(3):318–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2004.07.006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Comments (0)

No login
gif