Uppal N, Collins R, James B. Thyroid nodules: Global, economic, and personal burdens. Front Endocrinol [Internet]. 2023; Volume 14-2023. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1113977
Vuong HG, Ngo HTT, Bychkov A, Jung CK, Vu TH, Lu KB, et al. Differences in surgical resection rate and risk of malignancy in thyroid cytopathology practice between Western and Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cytopathol. 2020;128[4]:238–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22228
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26[1]:1–133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2015.0020
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ali SZ, Baloch ZW, Cochand-Priollet B, Schmitt FC, Vielh P, VanderLaan PA. The 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Thyroid Off J Am Thyroid Assoc. 2023;33[9]:1039–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2023.0141 PubMed PMID: 37427847.
Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132[5]:658–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPPHLWMI3JV4LA
Chowdhury R, Hier J, Payne KE, Abdulhaleem M, Dimitstein O, Eisenbach N, et al. Impact of Molecular Testing on Surgical Decision-Making in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Advancements. Cancers. 2025;17[7]:1156. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071156
Haugen BR. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: What is new and what has changed? Cancer. 2017;123[3]:372–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30360
Robenshtok E, Bachar G, Ritter A. Approach to the Patient with Thyroid Cancer: Selection and Management of Candidates for Lobectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110[7]: e2327–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae903
Alzumaili B, Sadow PM. Update on Molecular Diagnostics in Thyroid Pathology: A Review. Genes. 2023;14[7]:1314. doi:10.3390/genes14071314 PubMed PMID: 37510219; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10379610.
Fumagalli C, Serio G. Molecular testing in indeterminate thyroid nodules: an additional tool for clinical decision-making. Pathologica. 2023;115[4]:205–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.32074/1591-951X-887 PubMed PMID: 37711036; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10688247.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lončar I, Van Velsen EFS, Massolt ET, Van Kemenade FJ, Van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, Van Hemel BM, et al. European experience with the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier for indeterminate thyroid nodules: A clinical utility study in the Netherlands. Head Neck. 2023;45[9]:2227–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27472
Brauner E, Gunda V, Vanden Borre P, Zurakowski D, Kim YS, Dennett KV, et al. Combining BRAF inhibitor and anti PD-L1 antibody dramatically improves tumor regression and anti tumor immunity in an immunocompetent murine model of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7[13]:17194–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7839 PubMed PMID: 26943572; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4941380.
Article PubMed Central Google Scholar
McIver B, Castro MR, Morris JC, Bernet V, Smallridge R, Henry M, et al. An Independent Study of a Gene Expression Classifier [Afirma] in the Evaluation of Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99[11]:4069–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3584
Sacks WL, Bose S, Zumsteg ZS, Wong R, Shiao SL, Braunstein GD, et al. Impact of Afirma gene expression classifier on cytopathology diagnosis and rate of thyroidectomy. Cancer Cytopathol. 2016;124[10]:722–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.21749
Alexander EK, Schorr M, Klopper J, Kim C, Sipos J, Nabhan F, et al. Multicenter Clinical Experience with the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99[1]:119–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2482
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Abdelhakam DA, Mojica RE, Huenerberg KA, Nassar A. Impact of a genomic classifier on indeterminate thyroid nodules: an institutional experience. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2021;10[2]:155–63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2020.09.005
Barnes AB, Justice-Clark T, Li W, Randle RW. Molecular Testing for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Association of Negative Predictive Value with Nodule Size. Am Surg. 2022;88[11]:2745–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348221109489
Steward DL, Carty SE, Sippel RS, Yang SP, Sosa JA, Sipos JA, et al. Performance of a Multigene Genomic Classifier in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology: A Prospective Blinded Multicenter Study. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5[2]:204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4616
Yang SP, Nga ME, Bundele MM, Chiosea SI, Tan SH, Lum JHY, et al. Performance of a multigene genomic classifier and clinical parameters in predicting malignancy in a Southeast Asian cohort of patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Cancer Cytopathol. 2024;132[5]:309–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22796
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Asian and Western practice in thyroid pathology: similarities and differences - Kakudo - Gland Surgery [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 30]. Available from: https://gs.amegroups.org/article/view/43516/39689
Kakudo K, Liu Z, Jung CK, Lai C. Lessons learned from the diversity of thyroid nodule practice. Cancer Cytopathol. 2023;131[12]:741–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22728
Kakudo K, Higuchi M, Hirokawa M, Satoh S, Jung CK, Bychkov A. Thyroid FNA cytology in Asian Practice-Active surveillance for indeterminate thyroid nodules reduces overtreatment of thyroid carcinomas. Cytopathology. 2017;28[6]:455–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.12491
Rana C, Vuong HG. Differences Among Thyroid FNA Practices Elucidated by Meta-analyses of the Literature. In: Kakudo K, Liu Z, Jung CK, Hirokawa M, Bychkov A, Lai CR, editors. Thyroid FNA Cytology [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 5]. p. 15–20. Available from: https://link.springer.com/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6782-7_3 doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6782-7_3
Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Kawakami M, Kudo T, Miyauchi A. Criteria for follow-up of thyroid nodules diagnosed as follicular neoplasm without molecular testing - The experience of a high-volume thyroid centre in Japan. Diagn Cytopathol. 2022;50[5]:223–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.24937 PubMed PMID: 35133716; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9304300.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ngo HTT, Nguyen TPX, Vu TH, Jung CK, Hassell L, Kakudo K, et al. Impact of Molecular Testing on the Management of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules Among Western and Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Endocr Pathol. 2021;32[2]:269–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-020-09643-0
Satoh S, Yamashita H, Kakudo K. Thyroid Cytology: The Japanese System and Experience at Yamashita Thyroid Hospital. J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51[6]:548–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.09.29
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lin L, Chu H. Quantifying Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis. Biometrics. 2018;74[3]:785–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.12817
Abeykoon JP, Mueller L, Dong F, Chintakuntlawar AV, Paludo J, Mortada R. The Effect of Implementing Gene Expression Classifier on Outcomes of Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology. Horm Cancer. 2016;7[4]:272–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-016-0263-4
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dhingra JK. Office-Based Ultrasound‐Guided FNA with Molecular Testing for Thyroid Nodules. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2016;155[4]:564–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599816652378
Garrett S, Millay D, Pierre J, Pluta N, Russo C, Neelon D, et al. Monitoring Outcomes of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules and Predictive Capabilities of Molecular Testing. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2024;133[10]:873–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/00034894241264380
Glass RE, Marotti JD, Kerr DA, Levy JJ, Vaickus LJ, Gutmann EJ, et al. Using molecular testing to improve the management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: an institutional experience with review of molecular alterations. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2022;11[2]:79–86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2021.08.004
Li W, Justice-Clark T, Cohen MB. The utility of ThyroSeq® in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules by fine‐needle aspiration. Cytopathology. 2021;32[4]:505–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.12981
Oh MY, Choi HM, Jang J, Son H, Park SS, Song M, et al. Small Multi-Gene DNA Panel Can Aid in Reducing the Surgical Resection Rate and Predicting the Malignancy Risk of Thyroid Nodules. Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39[5]:777–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2034
Polavarapu P, Fingeret A, Yuil-Valdes A, Olson D, Patel A, Shivaswamy V, et al. Comparison of Afirma GEC and GSC to Nodules Without Molecular Testing in Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5[11]: bvab148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab148
Remer LF, Linhares SM, Scola WH, Lew JI. Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis May Limit the Utility of Molecular Testing in AUS/FLUS Thyroid Nodules. J Surg Res. 2023; 289:229–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.034
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Selvaggi SM. The role of ThyroSeq V3 testing in the management of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules on fine needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol. 2021;49[7]:838–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.24751
Comments (0)