Mehta LS, Beckie TM, DeVon HA, Grines CL, Krumholz HM, Johnson MN, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in women: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2016;133(9):916–47. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000351.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Costello BT, Younis GA. Acute coronary syndrome in women: an overview. Tex Heart Inst J. 2020;47(2):128–9. https://doi.org/10.14503/THIJ-19-7077.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khan E, Brieger D, Amerena J, Atherton JJ, Chew DP, Farshid A, et al. Differences in management and outcomes for men and women with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Med J Aust. 2018;209(3):118–23. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja17.01109.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown TM, Pack QR, Aberegg E, Brewer LC, Ford YR, Forman DE, et al. Core components of cardiac rehabilitation programs: 2024 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation. 2024;150(18):e328-47. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001289.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Social Security Administration. Social Security Act § 1861(eee)(4)(A)(ii): Intensive cardiac rehabilitation program requirements. https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/ssact/title18/1861.htm Accessed March 1, 2025 2025.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Cardiac rehabilitation program coverage. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/cardiac-rehabilitation#:~:text=A%20heart%20attack%20in%20the,Stable%20chronic%20heart%20failure Accessed March 1 2025.

Kasperowicz A, Cymerys M, Kasperowicz T. Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation in exercise capacity increase in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214085.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ji H, Fang L, Yuan L, Zhang Q. Effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:5015–27. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.917362.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ritchey MD, Maresh S, McNeely J, Shaffer T, Jackson SL, Keteyian SJ, et al. Tracking cardiac rehabilitation participation and completion among medicare beneficiaries to inform the efforts of a national initiative. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020;13(1):e005902. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005902.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pack QR, Keys T, Priya A, Pekow PS, Keteyian SJ, Thompson MP, et al. Is 70% achievable? Hospital-level variation in rates of cardiac rehabilitation use among medicare beneficiaries. JACC: Advances. 2024;3(11):101275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101275.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, Lindau ST, D’Onofrio G, Geda M, et al. editors. ‘s Choice-Sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: A VIRGO study analysis. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2017;6(7):610–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872616661847

Hyun K, Negrone A, Redfern J, Atkins E, Chow C, Kilian J, et al. Gender difference in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and outcomes following the survival of acute coronary syndrome. Heart Lung Circ. 2021;30(1):121–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.06.026.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sawan MA, Calhoun AE, Fatade YA, Wenger NK. Cardiac rehabilitation in women, challenges and opportunities. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;70:111–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2022.01.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Supervia M, Medina-Inojosa JR, Yeung C, Lopez-Jimenez F, Squires RW, Perez-Terzic CM, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation for women: a systematic review of barriers and solutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.01.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calvo-Lopez M, Arranz Tolos R, Marin Exposito J, Gruosso D, Andrea R, Roque M, et al. Cardio4Health study, a cardiac telerehabilitation pilot program aimed at patients after an ischemic event: cross-sectional study. JMIR Cardio. 2023;7:e44179. https://doi.org/10.2196/44179.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghisi GLM, Carson RP, Hebert AA, Ross MK, Colella TJF, Oh P, et al. A multi-site prospective controlled pilot evaluation of cardiac college for women in the cardiac rehabilitation setting. Patient Educ Couns. 2025;130:108463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108463.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prabhakaran D, Chandrasekaran AM, Singh K, Mohan B, Chattopadhyay K, Chadha DS, et al. Yoga-Based cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction: A randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(13):1551–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.01.050.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Way KL, Reed JL. Meeting the needs of women in cardiac rehabilitation. Circulation. 2019;139(10):1247–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037754.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee LS, Tsai MC, Brooks D, Oh PI. Randomised controlled trial in women with coronary artery disease investigating the effects of aerobic interval training versus moderate intensity continuous exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: CAT versus MICE study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2019;5(1):e000589. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000589.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bittner V. Cardiac Rehabilitation for Women. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018;1065:565–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Udell JA, Koh M, Qiu F, Austin PC, Wijeysundera HC, Bagai A, et al. Outcomes of women and men with acute coronary syndrome treated with and without percutaneous coronary revascularization. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.004319.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pagidipati NJ, Peterson ED. Acute coronary syndromes in women and men. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(8):471–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.89.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ubrich R, Barthel P, Haller B, Hnatkova K, Huster KM, Steger A. Sex differences in long-term mortality among acute myocardial infarction patients: results from the ISAR-RISK and ART studies. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(10):e0186783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186783.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Araya-Ramirez F, Moncada-Jimenez J, Grandjean PW, Franklin BA. Improved walk test performance and blood pressure responses in men and women completing cardiac rehabilitation: implications regarding exercise trainability. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2022;16(6):772–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827621995129.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sjolin I, Back M, Nilsson L, Schiopu A, Leosdottir M. Association between attending exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and cardiovascular risk factors at one-year post myocardial infarction. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0232772. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232772.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dibben GO, Faulkner J, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Zwisler AD, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(6):452–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac747.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Liu J, Fang H, Wang X. Factors associated with participation in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2023;46(11):1450–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.24130.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Resurreccion DM, Motrico E, Rubio-Valera M, Mora-Pardo JA, Moreno-Peral P. Reasons for dropout from cardiac rehabilitation programs in women: a qualitative study. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(7):e0200636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200636.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghisi GLM, Kim WS, Cha S, Aljehani R, Cruz MMA, Vanderlei LCM, et al. Women’s cardiac rehabilitation barriers: results of the international Council of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation’s first global assessment. Can J Cardiol. 2023;39(11S):S375–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Firoozabadi MG, Mirzaei M, Grace SL, Vafaeinasab M, Dehghani-Tafti M, Sadeghi A, et al. Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation barriers among non-enrollees in the context of lower gender equality: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):329. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-023-03331-7.

Article  PubMed