Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2163–96.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Li Y, Gao Y, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Respir Res. 2023;24:169.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang D, Zheng J. The burden of childhood asthma by age group, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of global burden of disease 2019 data. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:823399.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yaghoubi M, Adibi A, Safari A, Fitzgerald JM, Sadatsafavi M. The projected economic and health burden of uncontrolled asthma in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200:1102–12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA. 2021. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/. Accessed April 21, 2024.

Chau-Etchepare F, Hoerger JL, Kuhn BT, et al. Viruses and non-allergen environmental triggers in asthma. J Investig Med. 2019;67:1029–41.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo Y, Jiang F, Peng L, et al. The association between cold spells and pediatric outpatient visits for asthma in Shanghai, China. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e42232.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wills-Karp M. Immunologic basis of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:255–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheikh SI, Pitts J, Ryan-Wenger NA, McCoy KS, Hayes D Jr. Environmental exposures and family history of asthma. J Asthma. 2016;53:465–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiss ST, Gold DR. Gender differences in asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995;19:153–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrante G, Antona R, Malizia V, Montalbano L, Corsello G, La Grutta S. Smoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: a review of current evidence. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014;35:454–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, et al. Global initiative for asthma strategy 2021: executive summary and rationale for key changes. Eur Respir J. 2022;59:2102730.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barnes PJ. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting beta2- agonists and corticosteroids. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:182–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sobieraj DM, Weeda ER, Nguyen E, et al. Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018;319:1485–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aalbers R, Vogelmeier C, Kuna P. Achieving asthma control with ICS/LABA: a review of strategies for asthma management and prevention. Respir Med. 2016;111:1–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ellis AK, Foran V, Kaplan A, Mitchell PD. Clarifying SABA overuse: translating Canadian Thoracic Society guidelines into clinical practice. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2022;18:48.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bisgaard H, Le Roux P, Bjåmer D, Dymek A, Vermeulen JH, Hultquist C. Budesonide/ formoterol maintenance plus reliever therapy: a new strategy in pediatric asthma. Chest. 2006;130:1733–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parmar VR, Kumar L, Malik SK. Normal value of peak expiratory flow rate in healthy North Indian school children, 6–16 years of age. Indian Pediatr. 1977;14:591–4.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American thoracic society And European respiratory society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200:e70–88.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Singh M, Kumar L. Randomized comparison of a dry powder inhaler and metered dose inhaler with spacer in management of children with asthma. Indian Pediatr. 2001;38:24–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jat GC, Mathew JL, Singh M. Treatment with 400 microg of inhaled budesonide vs. 200 microg of inhaled budesonide and oral montelukast in children with moderate persistent asthma: randomized controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97:397–401.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pauwels RA, Löfdahl CG, Postma DS, et al. Effect of inhaled formoterol and Budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and corticosteroids Establishing therapy (FACET) international study group. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1405–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chipps BE, Murphy KR, Oppenheimer J. 2020 NAEPP guidelines update and GINA 2021-asthma care differences, overlap, and challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10:S19–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scicchitano R, Aalbers R, Ukena D, et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy versus a higher dose of budesonide in moderate to severe asthma. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20:1403–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papi A, Corradi M, Pigeon-Francisco C, et al. Beclometasone-formoterol as maintenance and reliever treatment in patients with asthma: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1:23–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rosenhall L, Elvstrand A, Tilling B, et al. One-year safety and efficacy of budesonide/ formoterol in a single inhaler (symbicort turbuhaler) for the treatment of asthma. Respir Med. 2003;97:702–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar