Gradishar WJ, Moran MS, Abraham J, Aft R, Agnese D, Allison KH, et al. Breast cancer, version 3.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:691–722.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mennati M, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. Enhancing breast cancer surgery outcomes: A comprehensive review of oncoplastic techniques, surgical planning, and aesthetic considerations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2025;206:104578.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alder L, Zaidi M, Zeidan B, Mazari F. Advanced breast conservation and partial breast reconstruction - a review of current available options for oncoplastic breast surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2022;104:319–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weber WP, Soysal SD, Fulco I, Barandun M, Babst D, Kalbermatten D, et al. Standardization of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43:1236–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shaffer K, Danko M, DeLaere A, Chant E, Pople B, Grisby S, et al. Patient satisfaction following nipple-sparing mastectomy and assessment of nipple-areolar sensation. Breast J. 2019;25:542–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yueh JH, Houlihan MJ, Slavin SA, Lee BT, Pories SE, Morris DJ. Nipple-sparing mastectomy: evaluation of patient satisfaction, aesthetic results, and sensation. Ann Plast Surg. 2009;62:586–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smith BL, Tang R, Rai U, Plichta JK, Colwell AS, Gadd MA, et al. Oncologic safety of nipple-sparing mastectomy in women with breast cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 2017;225:361–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doll A, Kopkash K, Baker J. Emerging role of robotic surgery in the breast. Clin Breast Cancer. 2024;24:286–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giulianotti PC, Benedetti E, Mangano A. The foundation and Art of robotic surgery. McGraw Hill Professional; 2024.

Gui Y, Chen Q, Li S, Yang X, Liu J, Wu X, et al. Safety and feasibility of minimally invasive (Laparoscopic/Robotic-Assisted) nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with prosthesis breast reconstruction in breast cancer: a single-center retrospective study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-022-11420-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Angarita FA, Castelo M, Englesakis M, McCready DR, Cil TD. Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy: systematic review. Br J Surg. 2020;107:1580–94.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kopkash K, Sisco M, Poli E, Seth A, Pesce C. The modern approach to the nipple-sparing mastectomy. J Surg Oncol. 2020;122:29–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valero MG, Muhsen S, Moo T-A, Zabor EC, Stempel M, Pusic A, et al. Increase in utilization of nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer: indications, complications, and oncologic outcomes. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27:344–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shanno JN, Daly AE, Anderman KJ, Santa Cruz HS, Webster AJ, Pride RM, et al. Positive nipple margins in nipple-sparing mastectomy: management of nipples containing cancer or atypia. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024;31:5148–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frey JD, Salibian AA, Karp NS, Choi M. The impact of mastectomy weight on reconstructive trends and outcomes in nipple-sparing mastectomy: progressively greater complications with larger breast size. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141:e795–804.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ahmed S, Hajj JP, Ali IS, Danforth RM, Fisher CS, Lester ME, et al. Nipple malposition following nipple sparing mastectomy: evaluation of secondary correction in prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2025;105:11–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erlichman Z, Buro J, Waraich M, Veeramachaneni H. Outcomes using two unique methods of immediate implant-based breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy in ptotic patients. Ann Plast Surg. 2023;90:S477–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gibson E, Farajzadeh MM, Salibian AA. Staged breast reduction or mastopexy before nipple sparing mastectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000012118.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hinson C, Sink M, Buntic R, Safa B, Sammer D, Zhang AY, et al. Staged mastopexy or mammaplasty prior to nipple-sparing mastectomy: A systematic review of safety and nipple-areola complex outcomes. Aesthet Surg J. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf058.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Momeni A, Kanchwala S, Sbitany H. Oncoplastic procedures in preparation for nipple-sparing mastectomy and autologous breast reconstruction: controlling the breast envelope. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145:914–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antoniazzi E, De Grazia A, Dell’Antonia F, Pasquali S, Burelli P, Rizzetto C, et al. Immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction in nipple-sparing mastectomy with Wise-pattern incision in large and ptotic breasts: our experience and short-term results. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2024;91:154–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lai H-W, Chang Y-L, Chandrachamnong K, See M-H, Huang H-I, Lin S-L, et al. Factors associated with alteration of nipple or skin sensation and impact of duration of time following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM): an analysis of 460 cases with comparison of conventional versus endoscopic- or robotic-assisted NSM. World J Surg Oncol. 2023;21:222.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harish V, Haffner ZK, Bekeny JC, Sayyed AA, Song DH, Fan KL. Preserving nipple sensitivity after breast cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast J. 2022;2022:9654741.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beugels J, Cornelissen AJM, Spiegel AJ, Heuts EM, Piatkowski A, van der Hulst RRWJ, et al. Sensory recovery of the breast after innervated and non-innervated autologous breast reconstructions: A systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70:1229–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammond JB, Kandi LA, Armstrong VL, Kosiorek HE, Rebecca AM, Casey WJ 3rd, et al. Long-term breast and nipple sensation after nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant reconstruction: relevance to physical, psychosocial, and sexual well-being. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022;75:2914–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarhadi NS, Shaw-Dunn J, Soutar DS. Nerve supply of the breast with special reference to the nipple and areola: Sir Astley Cooper revisited. Clin Anat. 1997;10:283–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Loukas M, Hullett J, Louis RG Jr, Holdman S, Holdman D. The gross anatomy of the extrathoracic course of the intercostobrachial nerve. Clin Anat. 2006;19:106–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tevlin R, Brazio P, Tran N, Nguyen D. Immediate targeted nipple-areolar complex re-innervation: improving outcomes in immediate autologous breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021;74:1503–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coopey S, Keleher A, Daniele K, Peled AW, Gomez J, Julian T, et al. Careful where you cut: strategies for successful nerve-preserving mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024;12:e5817.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peled AW, Peled ZM. Nerve preservation and allografting for sensory innervation following immediate implant breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019;7:e2332.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kronowitz SJ. Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction: technical and timing considerations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125:463–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weissler JM, Koltz PF, Carney MJ, Serletti JM, Wu LC. Sifting through the evidence: A comprehensive review and analysis of neurotization in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141:550–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thuman JM, Worbowtiz N, Jain A, Ulm JP, Delaney KO, Herrera FA. Impact of radiation on implant-based breast reconstruction in prepectoral versus submuscular planes. Ann Plast Surg. 2021;86:S560–6.

Article  CAS