Baishya J, Wakeman CA. Selective pressures during chronic infection drive microbial competition and cooperation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2019;5:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-019-0089-2.
Snelders NC, Rovenich H, Thomma BPHJ. Microbiota manipulation through the secretion of effector proteins is fundamental to the wealth of lifestyles in the fungal kingdom. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46:fuac022. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuac022.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rovenich H, Boshoven JC, Thomma BP. Filamentous pathogen effector functions: of pathogens, hosts and microbiomes. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2014;20:96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.05.001.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Grice EA, Segre JA. The skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9:244–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2537.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chambers ES, Vukmanovic-Stejic M. Skin barrier immunity and ageing. Immunology. 2020;160:116–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13152.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gallo RL. Human skin is the largest epithelial surface for interaction with microbes. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137:1213–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.045.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nguyen UT, Kalan LR. Forgotten fungi: the importance of the skin mycobiome. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2022;70:102235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2022.102235.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Swaney MH, Nelsen A, Sandstrom S, Kalan LR. Sweat and sebum preferences of the human skin microbiota. Microbiol Spectr. 2023;11:e04180-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.04180-22.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Byrd AL, Belkaid Y, Segre JA. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16:143–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hannigan GD, Meisel JS, Tyldsley AS, et al. The human skin double-stranded DNA virome: topographical and temporal diversity, genetic enrichment, and dynamic associations with the host microbiome. mBio. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01578-15.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Linz MS, Mattappallil A, Finkel D, Parker D. Clinical impact of Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections. Antibiotics. 2023;12:557. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030557.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dréno B, Pécastaings S, Corvec S, et al. Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(S2):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15043.
Kobayashi T, Glatz M, Horiuchi K, et al. Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus colonization drives inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Immunity. 2015;42:756–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.014.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kapoor B, Gulati M, Rani P, Gupta R. Psoriasis: interplay between dysbiosis and host immune system. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21:103169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103169.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dréno B, Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Corvec S. The skin microbiome: a new actor in inflammatory acne. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-020-00531-1.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Iwase T, Uehara Y, Shinji H, et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization. Nature. 2010;465:346–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09074.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Carothers KE, Liang Z, Mayfield J, et al. The Streptococcal protease SpeB antagonizes the biofilms of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus USA300 through cleavage of the Staphylococcal SdrC protein. J Bacteriol. 2020;202. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00008–20.
Nakamura K, O’Neill AM, Williams MR, et al. Short chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sci Rep. 2020;10:21237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77790-9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wang Y, Kuo S, Shu M, et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin microbiome mediates fermentation to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes: implications of probiotics in acne vulgaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;98:411–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5394-8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sandiford S, Upton M. Identification, characterization, and recombinant expression of epidermicin NI01, a novel unmodified bacteriocin produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis that displays potent activity against staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:1539–47. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.05397-11.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lynch D, O’Connor PM, Cotter PD, et al. Identification and characterisation of capidermicin, a novel bacteriocin produced by Staphylococcus capitis. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0223541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223541.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
O’Sullivan JN, Rea MC, O’Connor PM, et al. Human skin microbiota is a rich source of bacteriocin-producing Staphylococci that kill human pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2019;95. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy241.
Szekat C, Josten M, Rickmeyer J, et al. A Staphylococcus capitis strain with unusual bacteriocin production. Microb Biotechnol. 2023;16:2181–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14356.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu Y, Liu Y, Du Z, et al. Skin microbiota analysis-inspired development of novel anti-infectives. Microbiome. 2020;8:85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00866-1.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zipperer A, Konnerth MC, Laux C, et al. Human commensals producing a novel antibiotic impair pathogen colonization. Nature. 2016;535:511–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18634.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ruppelt D, Trollmann MFW, Dema T, et al. The antimicrobial fibupeptide Lugdunin forms water-filled channel structures in lipid membranes. Nat Commun. 2024;15:3521. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47803-6.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rosenstein R, Torres Salazar BO, Sauer C, et al. The Staphylococcus aureus-antagonizing human nasal commensal Staphylococcus lugdunensis depends on siderophore piracy. Microbiome. 2024;12:213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01913-x.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brucker RM, Baylor CM, Walters RL, et al. The identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an antifungal metabolite produced by cutaneous bacteria of the salamander plethodon Cinereus. J Chem Ecol. 2008;34:39–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9352-8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Brucker RM, Harris RN, Schwantes CR, et al. Amphibian chemical defense: antifungal metabolites of the microsymbiont janthinobacterium lividum on the salamander plethodon Cinereus. J Chem Ecol. 2008;34:1422–9.
Comments (0)