Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates with presumed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) offers a unique window into the extent and timing of injury, providing valuable insights for neuroprognostication. Brain MRI refines the prediction of functional outcomes, crucial for guiding family counseling and early interventions. The present article focuses on the role of post-rewarming brain MRI in this context, exploring specific MRI findings associated with diverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and highlights the potential of neuroimaging to improve the understanding and prediction of long-term functional outcomes. Utilizing a framework with likelihood categories, this work aims to enhance the accuracy of prediction of adverse outcomes within specific developmental domains, thereby refining neuroprognostication for informed discussions with caregivers.