Viral-driven oncogenesis in T/NK-cell lymphomas: parallels and divergences between HTLV-1 and EBV

Inoue M, Hirabayashi M, Abe SK, Katanoda K, Sawada N, Lin Y, et al. Burden of cancer attributable to modifiable factors in Japan in 2015. Glob Health Med. 2022;4:26–36.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mesri EA, Feitelson MA, Munger K. Human viral oncogenesis: a cancer hallmarks analysis. Cell Host Microbe. 2014;15(3):266–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.011.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Krump NA, You J. Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16(11):684–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0064-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xiao Q, Liu Y, Li T, Wang C, He S, Zhai L, et al. Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10(1):151.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matsuoka M, Jeang K. T: Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7:270–80.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Young LS, Rickinson AB. Epstein-Barr virus: 40 years on. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(10):757–68.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cesarman E. Gammaherpesviruses and lymphoproliferative disorders. Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9:349–72.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, Bunn PA, Minna JD, Gallo RC. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1980;77:7415–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yoshida M, Miyoshi I, Hinuma Y. Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1982;79:2031–5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hinuma Y, Nagata K, Hanaoka M, Nakai M, Matsumoto T, Kinoshita KI, et al. Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78:6476–80.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gessain A, Cassar O. Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 infection. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:388.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Uchiyama T, Yodoi H, Sagawa K, Takatsuki K, Uchino H. Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases. Blood. 1977;50:481–92.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ishitsuka K, Tamura K. Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I and adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:e517–26.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Watanabe T. Adult T-cell leukemia: molecular basis for clonal expansion and transformation of HTLV-1–infected T cells. Blood. 2017;129:1071–81.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bangham CRM. HTLV-1 persistence and the oncogenesis of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 2023;141:2299–306.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shichijo T, Yasunaga JI. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: modulation of viral gene expression and perturbation of host signaling pathways lead to persistent infection. Curr Opin Virol. 2025;73:101480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101480.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Katsuya H, Ishitsuka K, Utsunomiya A, Hanada S, Eto T, Moriuchi Y, et al. Treatment and survival among 1594 patients with ATL. Blood. 2015;126:2570–7.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Imaizumi Y, Iwanaga M, Nosaka K, Ishitsuka K, Ishizawa K, Ito S, et al. Prognosis of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Japan: a nationwide hospital-based study. Cancer Sci. 2020;111:4567–80.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cook LB, Fuji S, Hermine O, Bazarbachi A, Ramos JC, Ratner L, et al. Revised adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma international consensus meeting report. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:677–87. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.18.00501.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cook LB, Phillips A. A: How I treat adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 2021;137:459–70.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yoshimitsu M, Choi I, Kusumoto S, Shimokawa M, Utsunomiya A, Suehiro Y, et al. A phase 2 trial of CHOP with anti-CCR4 antibody mogamulizumab for older patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 2025;146(12):1440–9. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2024027902.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shichijo T, Nosaka K, Tatetsu H, Higuchi Y, Endo S, Inoue Y, et al. Beneficial impact of first-line mogamulizumab-containing chemotherapy in adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2022;198:983–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.18281.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Izutsu K, Makita S, Nosaka K, Yoshimitsu M, Utsunomiya A, Kusumoto S, et al. An open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial of valemetostat for relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 2023;141(10):1159–68.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shichijo T, Tatetsu H, Higuchi Y, Miyakawa T, Nosaka K, Nakamura T, et al. Prognostic impact of valemetostat in relapsed/refractory adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.70219.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shichijo T, Yasunaga JI. Stratagems of HTLV-1 for persistent infection and the resultant oncogenesis: immune evasion and clonal expansion. Leuk Res. 2025;152:107680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2025.107680.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sun SC, Yamaoka S. Activation of NF-κB by HTLV-I and implications for cell transformation. Oncogene. 2005;24:5952–64.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao T, Wang Z, Fang J, Cheng W, Zhang Y, Huang J, et al. HTLV-1 activates YAP via NF-kappaB/p65 to promote oncogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2022;119:e2115316119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115316119.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Robek MD, Ratner L. Immortalization of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax mutants expressed in a functional molecular clone. J Virol. 1999;73:4856–65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Okamoto K, Fujisawa J, Reth M, Yonehara S. Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I oncoprotein Tax inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis by inducing cellular FLIP through activation of NF-kappaB. Genes Cells. 2006;11:177–91.

Article  PubMed  CAS 

Comments (0)

No login
gif