Abata, M.L., G.B. Lasluisa, M.R. Tates, and B.V. Ron. 2024. Knowledge about methods of disinfection of dental impression among dentists from Ecuador post SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Heliyon 10(1): e23280.
ADA. 2023. Principles of ethics & code of professional conduct. American Dental Association, March. https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/about/ada_code_of_ethics.pdf?rev=82d95a7422ac47f6bd7cb856be68e359. Accessed July 20, 2025.
Aguirre, M.I.d.F.L., E.L. Quintero, and L.P.S. Martínez. 2017. Atención odontológica a personas con discapacidad intelectual: Una cuestión de derecho. Revista ADM 74(5): 269–274.
Barrow, H., S. Bartlett, A. Bullock, and J. Cowpe. 2023. Are the standards of professionalism expected in dentistry justified? Views of dental professionals and the public. British Dental Journal 234(5): 329–333.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Beemsterboer, P.L. 2016. Ethics and law in dental hygiene, 3rd ed. St. Louis: Elsevier.
Beemsterboer, P. 2025. Ethics in dentistry: Part III – ethical decision-making, common ethical problems and dilemmas. Last modified January 5. https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce546/common-ethical-problems-and-dilemmas. Accessed 20 July 2025.
Brands, W., S. Naidoo, S. Porter, M. Sereny, W. van Dijk, and J. Welie. 2018. FDI World Dental Federation dental ethics manual 2. Geneva: FDI World Dental Federation. https://www.fdiworlddental.org/resource/dental-ethics-manual-2.
Bravo, G.A., and S.C. Mogro. 2017. Inequidades socioeconómicas en el uso de servicios sanitarios de atención primaria en Ecuador. Estudios Gerenciales 33(144): 292–301.
Cech, D.J. and Z.J. Alvarado. 2017. Collaborating with communities and higher education to address the health-care needs of individuals with disabilities in Ecuador. Frontiers in Public Health 5: 91.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Espinoza, K.R., H. López, A. Jumbo, and M. Castillo. 2024. Descripción de higiene bucal en personas con discapacidad visual de la ciudad de Ibarra, Ecuador. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología 4: 928.
FDI World Dental Federation. 2016. Oral health and dental care of people with disabilities. Last modified September 2016. https://www.fdiworlddental.org/oral-health-and-dental-care-people-disabilities, Accessed February 2, 2025.
FDI World Dental Federation. 2025. Ethics In Dentistry 2024. International Dental Journal 75(1): 7–8.
Heather, H. 2022. 5 key principles of dental ethics & how to apply them. Today’s RDH, August 8. https://www.todaysrdh.com/5-key-principles-of-dental-ethics-how-to-apply-them/. Accessed August 22, 2024.
Hendrix, J.A., A. Amon, L. Abbeduto, et al. 2020. Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations in Down syndrome research. Translational Science of Rare Diseases 5(3–4): 99–129.
Jonsen, A.R. 1990. Case analysis in clinical ethics. The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 1(1): 63–65.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Khorshidian, A., A. Parsapoor, and E.S. Gooshki. 2022. Conflicts and challenges of truth-telling in dentistry: A case-based ethical analysis. Frontiers in Dentistry 19: 1.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Laas, K., S. Taylor, C.Z. Miller, E.M. Brey, and E. Hildt. 2022. Views on ethical issues in research labs: A university-wide survey. Accountability in Research 29(3): 178–201.
Barrezueta, H.D.P. 2012. Director del Registro, Official, Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades. https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/18924. Accessed February 2, 2025.
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. 2013. Protocolos odontológicos. https://www.salud.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Protocolos-Odontol%C3%B3gicos.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2025.
Momeni, N., B. Larijani, H. Razmi, F. Mohammadi, A. Mirzazadeh, and F. Asghari. 2023. Educational content of professional ethics in postgraduate dental education. Journal of Dental Education 87(4): 454–461.
mpgarcia. 2019. CONADIS: Supporting the equality of Ecuador’s citizens with disabilities. NARIC: National Rehabilitation Information Center, July 4. https://naricspotlight.com/2019/07/04/conadis-supporting-the-equality-of-ecuadors-citizens-with-disabilities/. Accessed March 16, 2025
Murray, C. 2015. Advanced restorative dentistry–a problem for the elderly? An ethical dilemma. Australian Dental Journal 60(1 Suppl.): 106–113.
Nassar, A.A. and R.I. Salama. 2022. Medical ethics knowledge and attitude among dental students from two universities in the Middle East. The Open Dentistry Journal 16(1): e187421062208101.
Nolan, P.W. and J. Smith. 1995. Ethical awareness among first year medical, dental and nursing students. International Journal of Nursing Studies 32(5): 506–517.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Official, Director del Registro. 2012. Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades. Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. https://telemeridiano.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ley_Organica_de_Discapacidades.pdf. Accessed November 25, 2025.
Ozar D.T., D.J. Sokol, and D.E. Patthoff. 2018. Dental ethics at chairside: Professional obligations and practical applications, 3rd ed. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Pandey, D. No date. Dental services market size, share, and trends 2025 to 2034. Last modified October 29, 2025. https://www.precedenceresearch.com/dental-services-market. Accessed August 22, 2024.
Raman, V. and S. Ramlogan, S. 2020. Academic integrity and the implementation of the honour code in the clinical training of undergraduate dental students. International Journal for Educational Integrity 16: 9.
Razavi, S.M., L. Maleki, A. Keshavarzian, A. Feizi, F. Keshani, and S.S. Kazemi. 2023. Evaluation of dentists’ attitudes towards principles of professional ethics. International Dental Journal 73(4): 580–586.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rule, J.T., and R.M. Veatch. 2004. Ethical questions in dentistry, 2nd ed. Chicago: Quintessence.
Saliba Garbín, C.A., B. Wakayama, T. Adas Saliba, O. Saliba, and A.J. Isper Garbin. 2018. Discriminación y prejuicio. La influencia del VIH/SIDA y la Hepatitis B en la actitud de los académicos en odontología. Revista Ciencias de la Salud 16(2): 279–293.
Scambler, S. and S.A. Curtis. 2019. Contextualising disability and dentistry: Challenging perceptions and removing barriers. British Dental Journal 227(1): 55–57.
Stillman, M.D., K.L. Frost, C. Smalley, G. Bertocci, and S. Williams. 2014. Health care utilization and barriers experienced by individuals with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 95(6): 1114–1126.
Taxiguano, R.B.G., I.M.V. Altamirano, and M.d.C.Q. Conde. 2021. Estado de salud bucal en personas con discapacidad, proyecto municipal “misión Social Rumiñahui”, Sangolquí-Ecuador. Odontología 23(1): e3276.
ten Have, H., and M.d.C. Patrão Neves. 2021. Dictionary of global bioethics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
United Nations. 2006. United Nations, General Assembly. Sixty-first session Item 67 (b), Human rights questions: human rights questions, including, alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment, of human rights and fundamental freedoms. A/61/611 Distr.: General 6 December 2006. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/rights/convtexte.htm?. Accessed December 12, 2025.
Valderrama, A.C., N.Á. Arredondo, D.R. Figueroa, C.I.L. Mejía, A.P.A. Osorio, and L.H.R. Quiroz, 2020. Factores determinantes para la atención clínica odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad. Acta Odontológica Colombiana 10(2): 52–67.
WHO. No date. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health. Accessed August 1, 2024.
WHO. 2022. World Health Organization, Oral health country profile—Ecuador. World Health Organization. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/oral-health/oral-health-ecu-2022-country-profile.pdf?sfvrsn=8085cec4_7&download=true. Accessed March 17, 2025.
Zarkowski, P. and M.N. Aksu. 2021. Legal and ethical issues in treating adolescent patients. Dental Clinics of North America 65(4): 815–826.
Comments (0)