Parker, M. J., & Gurusamy, K. S. (2001). Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd001467

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Filipov, O. (2013). The method of biplane double-supported screw fixation (BDSF) at femoral neck fractures-principle and clinical outcomes. Journal of IMAB Annual Proceeding Scientific Papers, 19(1), 423–428.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kalia, A., Singh, J., & Ali, N. (2018). Role of biplane double supported screw fixation for fracture neck femur in elderly population: A prospective study. The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 12, 471–480. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001812010514

Article  Google Scholar 

Filipov, O., Stoffel, K., Gueorguiev, B., & Sommer, C. (2017). Femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis by the biplane double-supported screw fixation method (BDSF) reduces the risk of fixation failure: Clinical outcomes in 207 patients. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 137(6), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2689-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Filipov, O., & Gueorguiev, B. (2015). Unique stability of femoral neck fractures treated with the novel biplane double-supported screw fixation method: A biomechanical cadaver study. Injury, 46(2), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.11.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garg, S., & Tank, G. (2023). Role of biplane double-supported screw fixation (BDSF) in management of fracture neck femur and its comparison with conventional CC screw fixation. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 57(12), 2011–2017.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi, X. C., Chu, Z. T., Yuan, Y. W., Xia, X. L., Li, W. L., Wang, C. B., et al. (2025). Femoral calcar double-supported screw fixation enhances biomechanical stability in Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures: A comparative biomechanical study. American Journal of Translational Research, 17(6), 4445.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang, X., Feng, X., Ouyang, L., Shu, S., Zhuang, L., Gui, W., et al. (2025). Treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults with improved biplane double-supported screw fixation and femoral neck system: Complications and surgical techniques. Orthopaedic Surgery, 17(4), 1057–1066.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xiong, W. F., Chang, S. M., Zhang, Y. Q., Hu, S. J., & Du, S. C. (2019). Inferior calcar buttress reduction pattern for displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults: A preliminary report and an effective alternative. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 14(1), 70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Filipov, O. B. (2019). Biplane double-supported screw fixation of femoral neck fractures: Surgical technique and surgical notes. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 27, e507–e515. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00117

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tang, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, S., Zhu, Z., Zhou, C., Zhu, Z., et al. (2024). Biomechanical study of a biplanar double support screw (BDSF) technique based on Pauwels angle in femoral neck fractures: Finite element analysis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12, Article 1358181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1358181

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramadanov, N., Toma, I., Herkner, H., Klein, R., Behringer, W., & Matthes, G. (2020). Factors that influence the complications and outcomes of femoral neck fractures treated by cannulated screw fixation. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57696-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haidukewych, G. J., Rothwell, W. S., Jacofsky, D. J., Torchia, M. E., & Berry, D. J. (2004). Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 86(8), 1711–1716.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garden, R. S. (1961). Low angle fixation in fractures of the femoral neck. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 43(4), 647–663. PubMed PMID: 7608228.

Google Scholar 

Dickson, J. A. (1953). The “unsolved” fracture: A protest against defeatism. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 35(4), 805–822.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galal, S., & Nagy, M. (2017). Non-parallel screw fixation for femoral neck fractures in young adults. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma, 8(3), 220–224.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sami, A., Prabhakar, R., Yadav, A. K., & Jain, V. K. (2022). Biplane double supported screw fixation for femoral neck fracture in young adults: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Orthopaedics., 1(33), 117–123.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kumar, S., & Bagchi, D. (2012). Fractures of the neck of the femur- treated with multiple cannulated screws in younger patients: A study of 40 cases. The Internet Journal of Orthopedic Surgery, 18(1), 1–5.

Google Scholar 

Middha, I., Hegde, A. S., Joseph, N., Mane, P. P., Shetty, C. B., & Rao, S. B. (2024). Challenges of biplane double-supported screw fixation technique for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures in the South Indian population. Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research, 0, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.25259/JMSR_361_2024

Article  Google Scholar 

Asnis, S. E., & Wanek-Sgaglione, L. (1994). Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck. Results of cannulated screw fixation. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 76(12), 1793–1803.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biz, C., Tagliapietra, J., Zonta, F., Belluzzi, E., Bragazzi, N. L., & Ruggieri, P. (2020). Predictors of early failure of the cannulated screw system in patients, 65 years and older, with non-displaced femoral neck fractures. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(3), 505–513.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaplan, T., Akesen, B., Demirağ, B., Bilgen, S., & Durak, K. (2012). Comparative results of percutaneous cannulated screws, dynamic compression type plate and screw for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 18(1), 65–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim, S. J., Park, H. S., & Lee, D. W. (2020). Complications after internal screw fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: A systematic review. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 54, 337–343. https://doi.org/10.5152/j.aott.2020.03.113

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Min, B. W., & Kim, S. J. (2011). Avascular necrosis of the femoral head after osteosynthesis of femoral neck fracture. Orthopedics, 34(5), e6-11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Barnes, R. J., Brown, J. T., Garden, R. S., & Nicoll, E. A. (1976). Subcapital fractures of the femur. A prospective review. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 58(1), 2–4.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu, Z., Tang, Z., Lu, Y., Yang, T., Lu, J., Pang, C., & Wang, B. (2025). Biomechanical study of different internal fixation devices for femoral neck fractures: Finite element analysis based on different reduction qualities. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology., 30(13), 1678294.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cao, D., Yin, J., Yu, P., Li, C., Yuan, H., Sheng, W., & Li, S. (2024). Treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fracture in young patients using biplane double support screw internal fixation technology based on X-ray image. Medical Engineering & Physics., 1(125), Article 104135.

Article  Google Scholar 

He, C., Lu, Y., Wang, Q., Ren, C., Li, M., Yang, M., Xu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, K., & Ma, T. (2021). Comparison of the clinical efficacy of a femoral neck system versus cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders., 22(1), 994.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su, M., He, Z., Huang, N., Lin, X., Fang, K., & Dai, Z. (2023). Superior short-term outcomes of FNS in combination with a cannulated screw in treating femoral neck fractures. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders., 24(1), 823.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar