Ekpor E, Akyirem S, Adade Duodu P. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2023;55(1):696–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2182909.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kramer H, Cao G, Dugas L, Luke A, Cooper R, Durazo-Arvizu R. Increasing BMI and waist circumference and prevalence of obesity among adults with Type 2 diabetes: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Diabetes Complications. 2010;24(6):368–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.10.001.
Gomez-Delgado F, Raya-Cruz M, Katsiki N, Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P. Residual cardiovascular risk: When should we treat it? Eur J Intern Med. 2024;120:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.013.
Sattar N, Presslie C, Rutter MK, McGuire DK. Cardiovascular and Kidney Risks in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Contemporary Understanding With Greater Emphasis on Excess Adiposity. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(4):531–43. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0041.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kanbour S, Ageeb RA, Malik RA, Abu-Raddad LJ. Impact of bodyweight loss on type 2 diabetes remission: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(4):294–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00346-2.
Look Ahead Research Group, Gregg EW, Jakicic JM, Blackburn G, Bloomquist P, Bray GA, et al. Association of the magnitude of weight loss and changes in physical fitness with long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomised clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(11):913–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30162-0.
Jain A, Kristensen PN, Wasehuus RS, Kruse C, Nortoft E. Clinical implications of intentional weight loss in people living with type 2 diabetes: A real-world database study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70350.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kuna ST, Reboussin DM, Strotmeyer ES, Millman RP, Zammit G, Walkup MP, et al. Effects of Weight Loss on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity. Ten-Year Results of the Sleep AHEAD Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(2):221–9. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201912-2511OC.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shahid A, Thirumaran AJ, Christensen R, Venkatesha V, Henriksen M, Bowden JL, et al. Comparison of weight loss interventions in overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2025;33(4):518–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2024.08.012.
Diallo A, Villard O, Carlos-Bolumbu M, Duc P, Galtier F. Blood glucose and body weight reduction for the prevention of clinical events and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of 44 randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27(9):5118–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16561.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for D. 8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Supplement1):S166–82. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S008.
Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2022;65(12):1925–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Buse JB, Rosenstock J, Sesti G, Schmidt WE, Montanya E, Brett JH, et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet. 2009;374(9683):39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60659-0.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, Garcia-Hernandez PA, Rodriguez-Pattzi H, Olvera-Alvarez I, et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9662):473–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61246-5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Marre M, Shaw J, Brandle M, Bebakar WM, Kamaruddin NA, Strand J, et al. Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU). Diabet Med. 2009;26(3):268–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02666.x.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nauck M, Frid A, Hermansen K, Shah NS, Tankova T, Mitha IH, et al. Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):84–90. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1355.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Russell-Jones D, Vaag A, Schmitz O, Sethi BK, Lalic N, Antic S, et al. Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met + SU): a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2009;52(10):2046–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-009-1472-y.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zinman B, Gerich J, Buse JB, Lewin A, Schwartz S, Raskin P, et al. Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met + TZD). Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1224–30. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-2124.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ahmann AJ, Capehorn M, Charpentier G, Dotta F, Henkel E, Lingvay I, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(2):258–66. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0417.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ahren B, Masmiquel L, Kumar H, Sargin M, Karsbol JD, Jacobsen SH, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both, in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 2): a 56-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):341–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30092-X.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Aroda VR, Bain SC, Cariou B, Piletic M, Rose L, Axelsen M, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational, phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):355–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30085-2.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lingvay I, Catarig AM, Frias JP, Kumar H, Lausvig NL, le Roux CW, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus daily canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 8): a double-blind, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(11):834–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30311-0.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jodar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834–44. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1607141.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pratley RE, Aroda VR, Lingvay I, Ludemann J, Andreassen C, Navarria A, et al. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(4):275–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30024-X.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rodbard HW, Lingvay I, Reed J, de la Rosa R, Rose L, Sugimoto D, et al. Semaglutide Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(6):2291–301. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00070.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sorli C, Harashima SI, Tsoukas GM, Unger J, Karsbol JD, Hansen T, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(4):251–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30013-X.
Comments (0)