Saydah S, Bullard KM, Cheng Y, Ali MK, Gregg EW, Geiss L, et al. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by obesity level in adults in the United States, NHANES 1999-2010. Obesity. 2014;22:1888–95.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fact Sheet: Hypertension. World Health Organization, World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.
Fact sheet: Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization, World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
Global Public Health Crises of Obesity and Hypertension: Importance of Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. American Heart Association, Professional Heart Daily https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/weight-loss-strategies-for-prevention-and-treatment-of-hypertension/commentary.
Jesky MD, Hayer MK, Thomas M, Dasgupta I. Do obese individuals with hypertension have more difficult-to-control blood pressure and end organ damage than their nonobese counterparts? J. Clin. Hypertens. 2015;17:466–72.
Bentham J, Di Cwsare M, Bilano V, Bixby H, Zhou B, Stevens, et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390:2627–42.
Shariq OA, Mckenzie TJ. Obesity-related hypertension: A review of pathophysiology, management, and the role of metabolic surgery. Gland Surg. 2020;9:80–93.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kang, YS Obesity associated hypertension: New insights into mechanism. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2013;11:46–52.
Bueter M, Ahmed A, Ashrafian H, le Roux CW. Bariatric surgery and hypertension. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009;5:615–20.
Yang S, Zhou Z, Miao H, Zhang Y. Effect of weight loss on blood pressure changes in overweight patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Hypertens. 2023;25:404–15.
Cohen, JB Hypertension in obesity and the impact of weight loss. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2017;19:98.
Passman JE, Bader A, Mahmud N, Dumon KR, Wachtel H, Zheng F, et al. The effect of bariatric surgery on hypertension outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2025;39:683–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
De La Torre NG, Rubio MA, Bordiu E, Cabrerizo L, Aparicio E, Hernandez C, et al. Effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery for morbid obesity on vascular endothelial growth factor-A, adipocytokines, and insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:4276–81.
Jelic S, Lederer DJ, Adams T, Padeletti M, Colombo PC, Factor PH, et al. Vascular inflammation in obesity and sleep apnea. Circulation. 2010;121:1014–21.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ochner CN, Gibson C, Shanik M, Goel V, Geliebter A Changes in neurohormonal gut peptides following bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35:153–66.
Shirmohamadi E, Ghasemloo N, Ramezanpour MR, Mohammadzadeh N. Hypertension remission after bariatric surgery: metrics, mechanisms, and patient selection. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2025;27:125.
Jakobsen GS, Smasteun MC, Sandby R, Nordstrand N, Hofso D, Lindberg M, et al. Association of bariatric surgery vs medical obesity treatment with long-term medical complications and obesity-related comorbidities. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2018;319:291–301.
Schiavon CA, Bersch-Ferreira AC, Santucci EV, Oliveira JD, Torreglosa CR, Beuno PT, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with hypertension the GATEWAY randomized trial (gastric bypass to treat obese patients with steady hypertension). Circulation. 2018;137:1132–42.
Schiavon CA, Cavalcanti AB, Oliveira JD, Machado RHV, Santucci EV, Santos RN, et al. Randomized trial of effect of bariatric surgery on blood pressure after 5 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:637–48.
Huang, R, Jing, ZQ, Liu, YH, Li, ZY & Wu, SS Bariatric surgery and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2023;44(Supplement_2):ehad655.2353.
Dastjerdi P, Pourfaraji SM, Shayesteh H, Maghsoudi M, Seidi S, Davani DN, et al. The role of bariatric surgery in hypertension control: a systematic review and meta-analysis with extended benefits on metabolic factors. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025;25:213.
Climent E, Goday A, Pedro-Botet J, Sola I, Oliveras A, Ramon JM, et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for 5-year hypertension remission in obese patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2020;38:185–95.
Bouchard P, Al-Masrouri S, Demyttenaere S, Court O, Andalib A. Long-term impact of bariatric surgery on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with obesity, diabetes and hypertension: a population-level study. Obes. Surg. 2022;32:771–8.
Carlsson LMS, Sjoholm K, Jacobson P, Andersson-Assarsson JC, Svensson P, Taube M, et al. Life expectancy after bariatric surgery in the swedish obese subjects study. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1535–43.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chandrakumar, H, Khatun N, Gupta, T, Graham-Hill, S,. Zhyvotovska, A,. McFarlane, S, et al. The effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular outcomes and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34723 (2023).
2025 FACT SHEET-METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY. https://asmbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MBSFactSheet2025.pdf
De Luca M, Shikora S, Eisenberg D, Angrusani L, Parmar C, Alqahtani A, et al. Scientific evidence for the updated guidelines on indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (IFSO/ASMBS). Obes Surg. 2024;34:3963–4096.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Benaiges D, Climent E, Goday A, Flores-Le Roux JA, Pedro-Botet J Bariatric surgery and hypertension: Implications and perspectives after the GATEWAY randomized trial. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2019;9:100–3.
Comments (0)