Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bai Z, Yao C, Zhu J et al (2021) Anti-tumor drug discovery based on natural product β-elemene: anti-tumor mechanisms and structural modification. Molecules 26:1499–1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061499

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siddiqui AJ, Jahan S, Singh R et al (2022) Plants in anticancer drug discovery: From molecular mechanism to chemoprevention. Biomed Res Int 2022:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5425485

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jalil MJ, Rahman SJA, Masri AN et al (2024) Epoxidation of oleic acid derived palm oil and subsequent ring opening by in situ hydrolysis. Polym Bull 81:14371–14383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05358-y

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Han L, Dai W, Luo W et al (2023) Enhanced de novo lipid synthesis mediated by FASN induces chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancers (Basel) 15:1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030562

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Menendez JA, Cuyàs E, Encinar JA et al (2024) Fatty acid synthase (FASN) signalome: a molecular guide for precision oncology. Mol Oncol 18:479–516. https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.13582

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cao Z, Xu Y, Guo F et al (2020) FASN protein overexpression indicates poor biochemical recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer. Dis Markers 2020:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3904947

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu B, Peng Q, Wang YW et al (2023) Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of fatty acid synthase in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 13:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1153076

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu X, Lu J, Ni X et al (2025) FASN promotes lipid metabolism and progression in colorectal cancer via the SP1/PLA2G4B axis. Cell Death Discov 11:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02409-9

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Yang W, Zheng Y et al (2023) Targeting fatty acid synthase modulates sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib via ferroptosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 42:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-022-02567-z

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Qu H, Shan K, Tang C et al (2021) A novel small-molecule fatty acid synthase inhibitor with antitumor activity by cell cycle arrest and cell division inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 219:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113407

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nascimento J, Mariot C, Vianna DRB et al (2022) Fatty acid synthase as a potential new therapeutic target for cervical cancer. An Acad Bras Cienc. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210670

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pemble IVCW, Johnson LC, Kridel SJ, Lowther WT (2007) Crystal structure of the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase inhibited by Orlistat. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14:704–709. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1265

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fako VE, Zhang JT, Liu JY (2014) Mechanism of orlistat hydrolysis by the thioesterase of human fatty acid synthase. ACS Catal 4:3444–3453. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500956m

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deepa PR, Vandhana S, Jayanthi U, Krishnakumar S (2012) Therapeutic and toxicologic evaluation of anti-lipogenic agents in cancer cells compared with non-neoplastic cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 110:494–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00844.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui Q, Josephraj S, Gu B et al (2026) Targeting fatty acid synthase for cancer drug discovery: retrospective analyses and outlook. Pharmacol Rev 78:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100105

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stavila E, Yuliati F, Adharis A et al (2023) Recent advances in synthesis of polymers based on palm oil and its fatty acids. RSC Adv 13:14747–14775. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01913f

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

John Martin JJ, Wang Q, Hou M et al (2026) Palm oil: a review on nutritional composition, processing, contaminants, and sustainability frameworks in the food system. Front Plant Sci 17:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1798946

Article  Google Scholar 

Yamagata K, Uzu E, Yoshigai Y et al (2021) Oleic acid and oleoylethanolamide decrease interferon-γ-induced expression of PD-L1 and induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 903:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174116

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Giulitti F, Petrungaro S, Mandatori S et al (2021) Anti-tumor effect of oleic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines via autophagy reduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.629182

Article  Google Scholar 

Deng B, Kong W, Suo H et al (2023) Oleic acid exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activities via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway in endometrial cancer. Cancers (Basel) 15:5407–5428. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225407

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Shen N, Xin H et al (2023) Unsaturated fatty acids in natural edible resources, a systematic review of classification, resources, biosynthesis, biological activities and application. Food Biosci 53:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102790

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fatmayanti BR, Jumina PB et al (2024) Oleate epoxides derived from palm oil as new anticancer agents: synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation, and molecular docking studies against FASN protein. ChemistrySelect 9:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202400752

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kurniawan YS, Harizal H, Yudha E et al (2025) Anticancer and antimalarial assays of xanthone-fatty acid hybrids: integrative in vitro and in silico evaluation. Indones J Chem 25:1244–1259. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.106816

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pratiwi NA, Kurniawan YS, Jumina, et al. (2026) Synthesis, Epoxidation, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Oleic Acid Amide Derivatives as Anticancer Agents In Vitro, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Studies. Chemistry Select 11:e06290. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202506290

Li H, Chao X, He CL et al (2016) Alloimperatorin and its epoxide derivative exhibit in vitro antitumor activity in HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cancer cells via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle disruption and inhibition of cell migration. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 11:194–199. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24575

Article  Google Scholar 

Ichimaru Y, Fujii T, Saito H et al (2017) 5-Bromoindirubin 3′-(O-oxiran-2-ylmethyl)oxime: a long-acting anticancer agent and a suicide inhibitor for epoxide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem 25:4665–4676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.009

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao Y, Chen M (2021) Influence of temperature-viscosity behaviors of Karamay oil sand bitumen on the geomechanics in the SAGD process. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 11:747–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-01062-5

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Venczel M, Bognár G, Veress Á (2021) Temperature‐dependent viscosity model for silicone oil and its application in viscous dampers. Processes 9:1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020331

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bhattad A (2023) Review on viscosity measurement: devices, methods and models. J Therm Anal Calorim 148:6527–6543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12214-0

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jumina J, Lavendi W, Singgih T et al (2019) Preparation of monoacylglycerol derivatives from Indonesian edible oil and their antimicrobial assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47373-4

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Leggio A, Belsito EL, De Luca G et al (2016) One-pot synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids activated using thionyl chloride. RSC Adv 6:34468–34475. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24527c