Adang LA, D'Aiello R, Takanohashi A, Woidill S, Gavazzi F, Behrens EM, Sullivan KE, Goldbach-Mansky R, de Jesus AA, Vanderver A, Shults J (2024) IFN-signaling gene expression as a diagnostic biomarker for monogenic interferonopathies. JCI Insight 9(14):e178456

Baldini C, Fulvio G, Rocca GL, Ferro F (2024) Update on the pathophysiology and treatment of primary Sjögren syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 20(8):473–491

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beydon M, McCoy S, Nguyen Y, Sumida T, Mariette X, Seror R (2024) Epidemiology of Sjögren syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 20(3):158–169

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chatzis L, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Tzioufas AG, Goules AV (2021) New frontiers in precision medicine for Sjogren’s syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 17(2):127–141

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen J, He Q, Yang J, Wu T, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Liao J, Zhang L, Yu X, Yao C, Luo J, Tao Q (2023) Anti-SSA/SSB-negative primary Sjögren’s syndrome showing different clinical phenotypes: a retrospective study of 934 cases. Adv Rheumatol 63(1):21

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chivasso C, Sarrand J, Perret J, Delporte C, Soyfoo MS (2021) The involvement of innate and adaptive immunity in the initiation and perpetuation of Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 22(2):658

de Oliveira FR, Fantucci MZ, Adriano L, Valim V, Cunha TM, Louzada-Junior P, Rocha EM (2018) Neurological and inflammatory manifestations in Sjögren’s syndrome: The role of the kynurenine metabolic pathway. Int J Mol Sci 19(12)

He J, Ding Y, Feng M, Guo J, Sun X, Zhao J, Yu D, Li Z (2013) Characteristics of Sjögren’s syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52(6):1084–1089

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hillen MR, Pandit A, Blokland SLM, Hartgring SAY, Bekker CPJ, van der Heijden EHM, Servaas NH, Rossato M, Kruize AA, van Roon JAG, Radstake T (2019) Plasmacytoid DCs from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome are transcriptionally primed for enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Front Immunol 10: 2096

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang J, Tang J, Zhang C, Liu T, Deng Z, Liu L (2024) Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers heterogeneity in the labial gland microenvironment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J Translational Autoimmun 9:100248

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Inamo J, Takeshita M, Suzuki K, Tsunoda K, Usuda S, Kuramoto J, Moody J, Hon CC, Ando Y, Sasaki T, Yoshitake K, Mitsuyama S, Asakawa S, Kanai Y, Takeuchi T, Kaneko Y (2025) Comparative single-cell and spatial profiling of anti-SSA-positive and anti-centromere-positive Sjögren’s disease reveals common and distinct immune activation and fibroblast-mediated inflammation. Nat Commun 16(1):8299

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ji L, Li T, Chen H, Yang Y, Lu E, Liu J, Qiao W, Chen H (2023) The crucial regulatory role of type I interferon in inflammatory diseases. Cell Bioscience 13(1):230

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leone MC, Alunno A, Cafaro G, Valentini V, Marcucci E, Bartoloni E, Gerli R (2017) The clinical spectrum of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: beyond exocrine glands. Reumatismo 69(3):93–100

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li R, Jia Y, Wu X, Wang M, Deng C, Peng Y, Zhao L, Zhang W, Zhou J, Li M, Zhao Y, Zeng X, Fei Y (2025) Dysregulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: normal functionality but decreased quantities. Clin Exp Rheumatol 43(12):2069–2081

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Li S, Liu W (2026) Data-driven classification of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: From cluster analysis to clinical immune phenotypes and predictive biomarkers. J Transl Autoimmun 12:100338

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu R, Gao C, Chen H, Li Y, Jin Y, Qi H (2017) Analysis of Th17-associated cytokines and clinical correlations in patients with dry eye disease. PLoS ONE 12(4):e0173301

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maria NI, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Brkic Z, Paulissen SM, Steenwijk EC, Dalm VA, van Daele PL, van Hagen PM, Kroese FG, van Roon JA, Harkin A, Dik WA, Drexhage HA, Lubberts E, Versnel MA (2016) Association of increased treg cell levels with elevated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and an imbalanced kynurenine pathway in interferon-positive primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 68(7):1688–1699

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mariette X, Criswell LA (2018) Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. N Engl J Med 378(10):931–939

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marketos N, Cinoku I, Rapti A, Mavragani CP (2019) Type I interferon signature in Sjögren’s syndrome: pathophysiological and clinical implications. Clin Exp Rheumatol 37(3):185–191

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM (2014) Sjögren’s syndrome. Annu Rev Pathol 9:273–285

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Negrini S, Emmi G, Greco M, Borro M, Sardanelli F, Murdaca G, Indiveri F, Puppo F (2022) Sjögren’s syndrome: a systemic autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Med 22(1):9–25

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nezos A, Gravani F, Tassidou A, Kapsogeorgou EK, Voulgarelis M, Koutsilieris M, Crow MK, Mavragani CP (2015) Type I and II interferon signatures in Sjogren’s syndrome pathogenesis: Contributions in distinct clinical phenotypes and Sjogren’s related lymphomagenesis. J Autoimmun 63:47–58

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Swiecki M, Colonna M (2010) Unraveling the functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells during viral infections, autoimmunity, and tolerance. Immunol Rev 234(1):142–162

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thorlacius GE, Björk A, Wahren-Herlenius M (2023) Genetics and epigenetics of primary Sjögren syndrome: implications for future therapies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 19(5):288–306

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Verstappen GM, Pringle S, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM (2021) Epithelial-immune cell interplay in primary Sjögren syndrome salivary gland pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 17(6):333–348

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Villamayor L, Rivero V, López-García D, Topham DJ, Martínez-Sobrido L, Nogales A, DeDiego ML (2023) Interferon alpha inducible protein 6 is a negative regulator of innate immune responses by modulating RIG-I activation. Front Immunol 14:1105309

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei L, Zhifei X, Xiaoran N, Meilu L, Yang L, Yixuan L, Xiuying R, Yashuang S, Jingjing C, Shaoying G, Liu Y, Lijun S, Fengxiao Z, Wen Z (2022) Patients with early-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome have distinctive clinical manifestations and circulating lymphocyte profiles. Rheumatology (Oxford) 61(2):597–605

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wiśniewski JR, Zougman A, Nagaraj N, Mann M (2009) Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis. Nat Methods 6(5):359–362

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng Q, Liu L, Wang B, He Y, Zhang M, Shi G (2023) Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 1 in salivary glandular tissue: an important histological marker for diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. RMD Open 9(1):e002694.