Albers E, Kieffer J, Schagen S. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy according to the criteria of the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA). J Cancer Surviv. 2024;19:1948–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-024-01608-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amani O, Mazaheri M, Moghani MM, Zarani F, Choolabi RH. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review of studies from 2000 to 2021. Cancer Rep. 2024;7. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1989.

Bernstein L, McCreath G, Komeylian Z, Rich J. Cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy depends on control group type and cognitive domains assessed: A multilevel meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017;83:417–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.028.

Article  Google Scholar 

Boscher C, Joly F, Clarisse B, Humbert X, Grellard J, Binarelli G, Tron L, Licaj I, Lange M. Perceived cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors and its relationships with psychological factors. Cancers. 2020;12. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12103000.

Boschetti A, Danesin L, Bevilacqua E, Giada R, Gion M, Conte P, Burgio F, •Chughtai S, Doyle D, Tata S, Ram D, Oymagil I. (2025). Investigating the trajectories of association between biomarkers and cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review. Cancers, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17213522  

Chughtai, S., Doyle, D., Tata, S., Ram, D., Oymagil, I. (2025). Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, emerging biomarkers, and therapeutic interventions. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 779, 152456 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152456

Chen, Y.-X., Zhou, Y., Zhang, X.-L., He, W.-Y., Ye, Q., & Xu, M. (2025). Digital health interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients: A scoping review. Digital Health, 11 https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251358297

Chung N, Walker A, Dhillon H, Vardy J. (2018). Mechanisms and treatment for cancer- and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in survivors of non-CNS malignancies. Oncology, 32 12, 591–598. https://consensus.app/papers/mechanisms-and-treatment-for-cancer-and-chung-walker/56595466bb955bcea3fb1f2020246b14 /.

Colaes R, Schroyen G, Radwan A, Laic RG, Helsper S, Himmelreich U, Hatse S, Smeets A, Caeyenberghs K, Sunaert S, Deprez S. Unveiling the impact of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: A longitudinal study on peripheral inflammation, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, and cognition. Cancer. 2025;131. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70095.

Conti L, Pizzoli S, Marzorati C, Grasso R, Petralia G, Pravettoni G. Cognitive alterations and brain functional changes following chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients: A systematic review on resting-state fMRI studies. Appl Neuropsychology: Adult. 2024;32:1803–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2303362.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Ruiter M, Reneman L, Boogerd W, Veltman D, van Dam F, Nederveen A, Boven E, Schagen S. Cerebral hyporesponsiveness and cognitive impairment 10 years after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011;32. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21102.

Demos-Davies K, Lawrence J, Seelig D. Cancer related cognitive impairment: a downside of cancer treatment. Front Oncol. 2024;14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1387251.

Dijkshoorn A, van Stralen H, Sloots M, Schagen S, Visser-Meily J, Schepers V. Prevalence of cognitive impairment and change in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Psycho-oncology. 2021;30:635–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5623.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duivon M, Lequesne J, di Meglio A, Pradon C, Vaz-Luis I, Martin A-L, Everhard S, Broutin S, Rigal O, Bousrih C, Lévy C, Lerebours F, Lange M, Joly F. Inflammation at diagnosis and cognitive impairment two years later in breast cancer patients from the Canto-Cog study. Breast Cancer Research: BCR. 2024;26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-024-01850-5.

Durán-Gómez N, López-Jurado C, Nadal-Delgado M, Pérez-Civantos D, Guerrero-Martín J, Cáceres M. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer based on functional assessment and NIRS analysis. J Clin Med. 2022;11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092363.

Fierro-Salgado YT, Reiriz M, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Calleja-Conde J, Hernández-Oñativia X, Uceda S, Echeverry-Alzate V. Cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as biomarkers of cognitive impairment related to breast cancer and its treatments: A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262010074.

Fleming B, Edison P, Kenny L. Cognitive impairment after cancer treatment: Mechanisms, clinical characterization, and management. BMJ. 2023;380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071726.

Ganz P, van Dyk K. Cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: Understanding the impact of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncology: Official J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.00336.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gibson E, Monje M. Emerging mechanistic underpinnings and therapeutic targets for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Curr Opin Oncol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1097/cco.0000000000000578.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gibson E, Monje M. Microglia in cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment. Trends Neurosci. 2021;44:441–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2021.02.003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goto T, Saligan L, Li X, Xiang L, Kwiat C, Nguyen C, Crouch A, von Ah D. Associations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265 polymorphism and cognitive function in breast cancer survivors from a cross-sectional study. Cancer Med. 2024;13. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.6975.

Haywood D, Henry M, Dauer E, Lederman O, Farley M, Henneghan A, O’Connor M, Jefford M, Rossell S, Hart N. Cancer-related cognitive impairment as a key contributor to psychopathology in cancer survivors: implications for prevention, treatment and supportive care. Support Care Cancer. 2024;32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-024-08696-9.

Hemeda S, Elmadani M, Janszky J, Pintér D, Orsolya M, Kovács N. The cognitive survivorship model: Bridging neuro-oncology and neurology. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2025;45:100998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100998.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Henneghan A, van Dyk K, Haywood D, Patel M, Franco-Rocha O, Bang S, Longley T, Tasker R, Kaufmann T, Paolillo E, Moore RC, Hart N. Characterizing cancer-related cognitive impairments and impact on quality of life in women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2024;209:125–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-024-07479-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hermelink K, Bühner M, Sckopke P, Neufeld F, Kaste J, Voigt V, Münzel K, Wuerstlein R, Ditsch N, Hellerhoff K, Rjosk-Dendorfer D, Braun M, von Koch F, Härtl K, Hasmüller S, Bauerfeind I, Debus G, Herschbach P, Mahner S, Harbeck N. Chemotherapy and post-traumatic stress in the causation of cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer patients. JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djx057.

Ibrar M, Rai H, Main A, McCartney H, Parra M, Maguire R. Experiences of cancer-related cognitive impairment across cancer types: Qualitative systematic review. JMIR Cancer. 2025;11. https://doi.org/10.2196/71996.

Janelsins M, Heckler C, Peppone L, Kamen C, Mustian K, Mohile S, Magnuson A, Kleckner I, Guido J, Young K, Conlin A, Weiselberg L, Mitchell J, Ambrosone C, Ahles T, Morrow G. Cognitive complaints in survivors of breast cancer after chemotherapy compared with age-matched controls: An analysis from a nationwide, multicenter, prospective longitudinal study. J Clin Oncology: Official J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2017;35(5):506–14. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.68.5826.

Article  Google Scholar 

Janelsins M, Kesler S, Ahles T, Morrow G. Prevalence, mechanisms, and management of cancer-related cognitive impairment. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2014;26:102–13. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2013.864260.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jesús O-J, Luís C, Matilde M-F. Effects of exercise on cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: a scoping review. Breast cancer (Tokyo Japan). 2023;30:885–909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-023-01484-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jim H, Phillips K, Chait S, Faul L, Popa M, Lee Y-H, Hussin M, Jacobsen P, Small B. Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors previously treated with standard-dose chemotherapy. J Clin Oncology: Official J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2012;30 29:3578–87. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.39.5640.

Article  Google Scholar 

John J, Kinra M, Mudgal J, Viswanatha G, Nandakumar K. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline in preclinical drug development. Psychopharmacology. 2021;238:3025–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05977-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Joly F, Lange M, Santos D, Vaz-Luis I, di Meglio A. Long-term fatigue and cognitive disorders in breast cancer survivors. Cancers. 2019;11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121896.

Jung M, Zhang M, Askren M, Berman M, Peltier S, Hayes D, Therrien B, Reuter-Lorenz P, Cimprich B. Cognitive dysfunction and symptom burden in women treated for breast cancer: a prospective behavioral and fMRI analysis. Brain Imaging Behav. 2016;11:86–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9507-8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kerkmann A, Schinke C, Dordevic A, Kern J, Bangemann N, Finck J, Blohmer J, Ruprecht K, Göpfert J, Otto C, Materne B, Endres M, Boehmerle W, Huehnchen P. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and its long-term development in patients with breast cancer: results from the observational CICARO study. Oncologist. 2024;30. https://doi.org/10.1093/oncolo/oyae268.

Kerstens C, Wildiers H, Schroyen G, Almela M, Mark R, Lambrecht M, Deprez S, Sleurs C. A Systematic Review on the Potential Acceleration of Neurocognitive Aging in Older Cancer Survivors. Cancers. 2023;15. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041215.

Kim R, Liao K, Peterson S, Zorzi D, Li L, MacGregor MC, Giordano S. Abstract 7454: Cognitive function in older breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7454.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kleinknecht K, Bierend M, Keim L-M, Bartels F, Lampit A, Finke C. (2024). Computerized cognitive training improves cognitive function in primary breast cancer survivors. NPJ Breast Cancer, 10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-024-00694-8

Kumar N. The Promise of nutrient-derived bioactive compounds and dietary components to ameliorate symptoms of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2021;22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-021-00865-w.

Lange M, Joly F, Vardy J, Vardy J, Ahles T, Dubois M, Tron L, Winocur G, Winocur G, Ruiter M, Castel H. Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: An update on state of the art, detection, and management strategies in cancer survivors. Annals Oncology: Official J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz410.

Article  Google Scholar 

Leskinen S, Alsalek S, Galvez R, Ononogbu-Uche F, Shah H, Vojnic M, D’Amico R. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and changes in neural network dynamics. Neurology. 2024;104. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000210130.

Librett J, Kosinski M, Litton G. Abstract PO1-11-10: Use of a standardized tool for the evaluation and treatment of cancer related cognitive impairment (chemo-brain) among breast cancer patients. Cancer Res. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po1-11-10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lin K, Lengacher C, Rodríguez C, Szalacha L, Wolgemuth J. Chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review. J Cancer Treat Res. 2021. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20210902.12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liou K, Ahles T, Garland S, Garland S, Li Q, Bao T, Li Y, Root J, Mao J. The relationship between insomnia and cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2019;3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkz041.

Shadab A, Haider MF, Abohassan M. Liposome-based drug delivery systems: mechanisms, preparation strategies, clinical status, and therapeutic applications. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2026;27(190). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03425-3.

Lomeli N, Lepe J, Gupta K, Bota D. Cognitive complications of cancer and cancer-related treatments – Novel paradigms. Neurosci Lett. 2021;749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135720.

Martín R, Rodríguez EF, Galve MR, Hernández JC. Study of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in women with breast cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238896.

Merceur M, Reilly K, Bonan I, Holé J, Hummel E, Cogné M, Jacquin-Courtois S. A systematic review of rehabilitation programs for cognitive impairment related to breast cancer: Different programs at different times? Annals Phys Rehabilitation Med. 2024;67(5):101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2024.101832.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shadab A, Faiz AA. Translational Insights into Liposomal Drug Delivery: Recent Advances, Therapeutic Applications, and Clinical Trials. Drug Res. 2026;76(02/03):65–81. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2795-7008.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Oliveira MEC, Torres GS, v, Franklin RG, Gomes KAL, Nóbrega W, Fernandes T, Santos N. Cognitive impairments associated with chemotherapy in women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2023;56. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12947.

Onzi G, D’Agustini N, Garcia S, Guterres S, Pohlmann P, Rosa D, Pohlmann A. Chemobrain in breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and potential interventions. Drug Saf. 2022;45:601–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-022-01182-3.