Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:229–63.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73:17–48.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiu C, Tang C, Tang Y, Su K, Chai X, Zhan Z, et al. RGS5(+) lymphatic endothelial cells facilitate metastasis and acquired drug resistance of breast cancer through oxidative stress-sensing mechanism. Drug Resist Updat. 2024;77:101149.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabit H, Adel A, Abdelfattah MM, Ramadan RM, Nazih M, Abdel-Ghany S, et al. The role of tumor microenvironment and immune cell crosstalk in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Emerging therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett. 2025;628:217865.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maqbool M, Bekele F, Fekadu G. Treatment Strategies Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Updated Review. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2022;14:15–24.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xue Q, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Tang D, Liu J, Chen X. Copper metabolism in cell death and autophagy. Autophagy. 2023;19:2175–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ding X, Jiang M, Jing H, Sheng W, Wang X, Han J, et al. Analysis of serum levels of 15 trace elements in breast cancer patients in Shandong, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015;22:7930–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng Y, Zeng JW, Ma Q, Zhang S, Tang J, Feng JF. Serum copper and zinc levels in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020;62:126629.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oliveri V. Selective Targeting of Cancer Cells by Copper Ionophores: An Overview. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9:841814.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Yao J, Dong T, Niu X. Definition of a Novel Cuproptosis-Relevant lncRNA Signature for Uncovering Distinct Survival, Genomic Alterations, and Treatment Implications in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Immunol Res. 2022;2022:2756611.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cobine PA, Brady DC. Cuproptosis: Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying copper-induced cell death. Mol Cell. 2022;82:1786–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsvetkov P, Coy S, Petrova B, Dreishpoon M, Verma A, Abdusamad M, et al. Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins. Science. 2022;375:1254–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu MX, Sun SQ, Fan GB, Zhao AY, Niu X, Qi SH, et al. Knowledge mapping of research on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response: a bibliometric and visual analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2023;11:64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu MX, Ma XF, Niu X, Fan GB, Li Y. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res. 2022;1797:148116.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiao X, Niu X, Shi J, Chen L, Wang X, Liu J, et al. Wnt5a regulates Ameloblastoma Cell Migration by modulating Mitochondrial and Cytoskeletal Dynamics. J Cancer. 2020;11:5490–502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu L, Li Y, Chen G, Chen Q. Crosstalk between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. J Biomed Sci. 2023;30:86.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nguyen TN, Padman BS, Lazarou M. Deciphering the Molecular Signals of PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy. Trends Cell Biol. 2016;26:733–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang M, Wei X, Yi X, Jiang DS. Mitophagy-related regulated cell death: molecular mechanisms and disease implications. Cell Death Dis. 2024;15:505.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bayne AN, Trempe JF. Mechanisms of PINK1, ubiquitin and Parkin interactions in mitochondrial quality control and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76:4589–611.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ge P, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. PINK1 and Parkin mitochondrial quality control: a source of regional vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2020;15:20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guthrie LM, Soma S, Yuan S, Silva A, Zulkifli M, Snavely TC, et al. Elesclomol alleviates Menkes pathology and mortality by escorting Cu to cuproenzymes in mice. Science. 2020;368:620–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Pu Y, Yin L. Copper induces oxidative stress and apoptosis of hippocampal neuron via pCREB/BDNF/ and Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway. J Appl Toxicol. 2022;42:694–705.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Witt B, Stiboller M, Raschke S, Friese S, Ebert F, Schwerdtle T. Characterizing effects of excess copper levels in a human astrocytic cell line with focus on oxidative stress markers. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2021;65:126711.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bahar E, Han SY, Kim JY, Yoon H Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14.

Kirshner JR, He S, Balasubramanyam V, Kepros J, Yang CY, Zhang M, et al. Elesclomol induces cancer cell apoptosis through oxidative stress. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:2319–27.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagai M, Vo NH, Shin Ogawa L, Chimmanamada D, Inoue T, Chu J, et al. The oncology drug elesclomol selectively transports copper to the mitochondria to induce oxidative stress in cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;52:2142–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eskandari E, Eaves CJ. Paradoxical roles of caspase-3 in regulating cell survival, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. J Cell Biol. 2022;221:e202201159.

Pitcher DS, de Mattos-Shipley K, Tzortzis K, Auner HW, Karadimitris A, Kleijnen MF. Bortezomib Amplifies Effect on Intracellular Proteasomes by Changing Proteasome Structure. EBioMedicine. 2015;2:642–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Romero-Domínguez JM, Reche-López D, López-Cabrera A, et al. Mitochondrial Quality Control via Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) in Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules. 2023;13:1789.

Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Bucci C, et al. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Protein Misfolding and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Roads to Biomarker Discovery. Biomolecules. 2021;11:1508.

Hao T, Yu J, Wu Z, Jiang J, Gong L, Wang B, et al. Hypoxia-reprogramed megamitochondrion contacts and engulfs lysosome to mediate mitochondrial self-digestion. Nat Commun. 2023;14:4105.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang M, Luo S, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Wang X, et al. Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) and Diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32:1674–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee HY, Nga HT, Tian J, Yi HS. Mitochondrial Metabolic Signatures in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells. 2021;10:1901.

Buccarelli M, D’Alessandris QG, Matarrese P, Mollinari C, Signore M, Cappannini A, et al. Elesclomol-induced increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species impairs glioblastoma stem-like cell survival and tumor growth. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40:228.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lemire BD. A structural model for FOXRED1, an FAD-dependent oxidoreductase necessary for NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) assembly. Mitochondrion. 2015;22:9–16.