Rotundo E, Braunreuther E, Dale M, Vancheswaran A, Sub Lee J, Hossain RH, et al. Retrospective review of trauma ICU patients with and without palliative care intervention. J Am Coll Surg. 2022;235(2):278–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ho VP, Adams SD, O’Connell KM, Cocanour CS, Arbabi S, Powelson EB, et al. Making your geriatric and palliative programs a strength: TQIP guideline implementation and the VRC perspective. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2021;6(1):e000677.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Russell AE, Denny R, Lee PG, Montagnini ML. Palliative care considerations in frail older adults. Ann Palliat Med. 2024;13(4):976–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toevs CC. Transitioning to Comfort-Focused care at the end of life. Surg Clin North Am. 2019;99(5):1019–27.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Griffard J, Kodadek LM. Management of blunt chest trauma. Surg Clin. 2024;104(2):343–54.

Google Scholar 

Fiorentino M, Hwang F, Pentakota SR, Glass NE, Livingston DH, Mosenthal AC. The geriatric patient one year after trauma: palliative performance scale predicts functional outcomes. Injury. 2023;54(9):110957.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamada Y, Kobayashi T, Eyck PT, Ren R, Fujitani S, Ko F. Trends, Predictors, and potential disparities of palliative care utilization among older adults with hip fractures: A retrospective analysis of the National inpatient Sample, 2016–2020. J Palliat Care. 2025;40(2):120–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalmar E, Mariano J. End-Of-Life and palliative care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, or another diverse gender identity older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2024;40(2):333–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soltoff A, Purvis S, Ravicz M, Isaacson MJ, Duran T, Johnson G, et al. Factors influencing palliative care access and delivery for great plains American Indians. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2022;64(3):276–86.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schlauch AM, Michelson JD, Holleran A, Ames E. The high-risk hip fracture patient and the palliative care consult: A retrospective study to investigate risks of complications and the utility of a palliative care consult in hip fracture patients undergoing surgical fixation. Osteoporos Int. 2023;34(3):507–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spencer AL, Miller PR III, Russell GB, Cornea I, Marterre B. Timing is everything: early versus late palliative care consults in trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023;94(5):652–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wycech J, Fokin AA, Katz JK, Tymchak A, Teitzman RL, Koff S, et al. Reduction in potentially inappropriate interventions in trauma patients following a palliative care consultation. J Palliat Med. 2021;24(5):705–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrell BR, Twaddle ML, Melnick A, Meier DE. National consensus project clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care guidelines, 4th edition. J Palliat Med. 2018;21(12):1684–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown CK, DiBiase J, Nathanson A, Cadet TJ. Trauma-Informed care for inpatient palliative care social work: applying existing models at the bedside. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2023;19(4):309–25.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu A, Zhou J, Quinlan N, Dirlikov B, Singh H. Early palliative care consultation offsets hospitalization duration and costs for elderly patients with traumatic brain injuries: insights from a level 1 trauma center. J Clin Neurosci. 2023;108:1–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghneim M, Brasel K, Vesselinov R, Albrecht J, Liveris A, Watras J, et al. Traumatic brain injury in older adults: Characteristics, Outcomes, and Considerations. Results from the American association for the surgery of trauma geriatric traumatic brain injury (GERI-TBI) multicenter trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022;23(4):568–75. e1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fiorentino M, Hwang F, Pentakota SR, Livingston DH, Mosenthal AC. Palliative care in trauma: not just for the dying. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(5):1156–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trauma ACoSCo. ACS TQIP Palliative Care Best Practice Guidelines2017 10/01/2025:[56 p.]. Available from: https://www.facs.org/media/g3rfegcn/palliative_guidelines.pdf

De Simone B, Chouillard E, Podda M, Pararas N, de Carvalho Duarte G, Fugazzola P, et al. The 2023 WSES guidelines on the management of trauma in elderly and frail patients. World J Emerg Surg. 2024;19(1):18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kodadek LM, Cook M, Young J, Cottrell-Cumber S, Farrell MS, Jawa R, et al. Primary palliative care in acute care surgery: an American association for the surgery of trauma critical care committee and palliative care committee clinical consensus document. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2025;10(1):e001616.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duncan AJ, Holkup LM, Sang HI, Sahr SM. Benefits of early utilization of palliative care consultation in trauma patients. Crit Care Explor. 2023;5(9):e0963.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aziz HA, Lunde J, Barraco R, Como JJ, Cooper Z, Hayward T III, et al. Evidence-based review of trauma center care and routine palliative care processes for geriatric trauma patients; A collaboration from the American association for the surgery of trauma patient assessment committee, the American association for the surgery of trauma geriatric trauma committee, and the Eastern association for the surgery of trauma guidelines committee. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;86(4):737–43

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masterson M, Hunter K, Egodage T. Clinical outcomes after early palliative care evaluations in geriatric trauma intensive care. J Surg Res. 2024;302:359–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haines LK, Cook AC, Hatchimonji JS, Ho VP, Kalbfell EL, O’Connell KM, et al. Top ten tips palliative care clinicians should know about trauma and emergency surgery. J Palliat Med. 2021;24(7):1072–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anderson F, Downing GM, Hill J, Casorso L, Lerch N. Palliative performance scale (PPS): A new tool. J Palliat Care. 1996;12(1):5–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joseph B, Pandit V, Zangbar B, Kulvatunyou N, Tang A, O’Keeffe T, et al. Validating trauma-specific frailty index for geriatric trauma patients: a prospective analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;219(1):10–7. e1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hwang F, Pentakota SR, McGreevy CM, Glass NE, Livingston DH, Mosenthal AC. Preinjury palliative performance scale predicts functional outcomes at 6 months in older trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(3):541–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joseph B, Saljuqi AT, Amos JD, Teichman A, Whitmill ML, Anand T, et al. Prospective validation and application of the trauma-Specific frailty index: results of an American association for the surgery of trauma multi-institutional observational trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023;94(1):36–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hahamyan HA, Archer AD, Heard MA, Dockery NA, Wahlquist AE, Burns JB. Assessing the geriatric trauma outcome score: A National analysis. Am Surg. 2025;91(8):1238–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cook AC, Joseph B, Mohler MJ, Inaba K, Bruns BR, Nakonezny PA, et al. Validation of a geriatric trauma prognosis calculator: A P.A.L.Li.A.T.E. Consortium study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(10):2302–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ross SW, Adeyemi FM, Zhou M, Minhajuddin AT, Porembka MR, Cripps MW, et al. One-year mortality in geriatric trauma patients: improving upon the geriatric trauma outcomes score utilizing the social security death index. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(5):1148–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fokin AA, Wycech J, Katz JK, Tymchak A, Teitzman RL, Koff S, et al. Palliative care consultations in trauma patients and role of Do-Not-Resuscitate orders: Propensity-Matched study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2020;37(12):1068–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marks C, Pearson JL, Zuniga ML, Martin N, Werb D, Smith LR. Articulating the Trauma-Informed theory of individual health behavior. Stress Health. 2022;38(1):154–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Malley KA, Park ST, Tadmor M, Kemp K, Pless Kaiser A, Bashian HM et al. Enhancing trauma-informed care for older veterans: clinician perspectives on trauma practices and curricular needs. Gerontol Geriatr Educ. 2024:1–16.

Ganzel BL. Trauma-Informed hospice and palliative care. Gerontologist. 2018;58(3):409–19.

Article  PubMed