Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW et al (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0287

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kellum JA, Prowle JR (2018) Paradigms of acute kidney injury in the intensive care setting. Nat Rev Nephrol 14:217–230. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.184

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zarbock A, Nadim MK, Pickkers P et al (2023) Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 28th acute disease quality initiative workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol 19:401–417. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-023-00683-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bagshaw SM, The Cooperative Antimicrobial Therapy of Septic Shock (CATSS) Database Research Group, Lapinsky S, et al (2009) Acute kidney injury in septic shock: clinical outcomes and impact of duration of hypotension prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Intensive Care Med 35:871–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1367-2

Bhatraju PK, Mukherjee P, Robinson-Cohen C et al (2016) Acute kidney injury subphenotypes based on creatinine trajectory identifies patients at increased risk of death. Crit Care. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1546-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhatraju PK, Zelnick LR, Chinchilli VM et al (2020) Association between early recovery of kidney function after acute kidney injury and long-term clinical outcomes. JAMA Netw Open 3:e202682. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2682

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Uhel F, Peters-Sengers H, Falahi F et al (2020) Mortality and host response aberrations associated with transient and persistent acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 46:1576–1589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06119-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boekstegers P, Weidenhöfer S, Kapsner T, Werdan K (1994) Skeletal muscle partial pressure of oxygen in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med 22:640–650. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199404000-00021

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sair M, Etherington PJ, Peter Winlove C, Evans TW (2001) Tissue oxygenation and perfusion in patients with systemic sepsis. Crit Care Med 29:1343–1349. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200107000-00008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takasu O, Gaut JP, Watanabe E et al (2013) Mechanisms of cardiac and renal dysfunction in patients dying of sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 187:509–517. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201211-1983oc

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maiden MJ, Otto S, Brealey JK et al (2016) Structure and function of the kidney in septic shock. A prospective controlled experimental study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 194:692–700. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201511-2285oc

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arulkumaran N, Pollen S, Greco E et al (2018) Renal tubular cell mitochondrial dysfunction occurs despite preserved renal oxygen delivery in experimental septic acute kidney injury. Crit Care Med 46:e318–e325. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000002937

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Langenberg C, Wan L, Egi M et al (2006) Renal blood flow in experimental septic acute renal failure. Kidney Int 69:1996–2002. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5000440

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brealey D, Brand M, Hargreaves I et al (2002) Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and severity and outcome of septic shock. Lancet 360:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09459-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arulkumaran N, Deutschman CS, Pinsky MR et al (2016) Mitochondrial function in sepsis. Shock 45:271–281. https://doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000000463

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Percie du Sert N, Ahluwalia A, Alam S et al (2020) Reporting animal research: explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 20. PLoS Biol 18(7):e3000411. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000411

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kohoutova M, Horak J, Jarkovska D et al (2019) Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates multiple organ dysfunction in resuscitated porcine progressive sepsis. Crit Care Med 47:e461–e469. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000003714

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chvojka J, Sykora R, Krouzecky A et al (2009) Renal haemodynamic, microcirculatory, metabolic and histopathological responses to peritonitis-induced septic shock in pigs. Crit Care 12:R164. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc7164

Article  Google Scholar 

Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) High-resolution respirometry: OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibers from small biopsies of human muscle. In: Pesta D (ed) Mitochondrial bioenergetics. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 25–58

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Kuznetsov AV, Strobl D, Ruttmann E et al (2002) Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory function in small biopsies of liver. Anal Biochem 305:186–194. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.2002.5658

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tuma Z, Kuncova J, Mares J, Matejovic M (2016) Mitochondrial proteomes of porcine kidney cortex and medulla: foundation for translational proteomics. Clin Exp Nephrol 20:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-015-1135-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singer M (2007) Mitochondrial function in sepsis: acute phase versus multiple organ failure. Crit Care Med 35:S441–S448. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000278049.48333.78

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stanzani G, Duchen MR, Singer M (2019) The role of mitochondria in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1865:759–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.011

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krawczyk CM, Holowka T, Sun J et al (2010) Toll-like receptor–induced changes in glycolytic metabolism regulate dendritic cell activation. Blood 115:4742–4749. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-10-249540

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Palsson-McDermott EM, Curtis AM, Goel G et al (2015) Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates hif-1α activity and IL-1β induction and is a critical determinant of the Warburg effect in LPS-activated macrophages. Cell Metab 21:65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meyers AK, Zhu X (2020) The NLRP3 inflammasome: metabolic regulation and contribution to inflammaging. Cells 9:1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081808

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Everts B, Amiel E, Huang SC-C et al (2014) TLR-driven early glycolytic reprogramming via the kinases TBK1-IKKɛ supports the anabolic demands of dendritic cell activation. Nat Immunol 15:323–332. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2833

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Berod L, Friedrich C, Nandan A et al (2014) De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells. Nat Med 20:1327–1333. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3704

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi LZ, Wang R, Huang G et al (2011) HIF1α–dependent glycolytic pathway orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the differentiation of TH17 and Treg cells. J Exp Med 208:1367–1376.