Sehouli J, Grabowski JP. Surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer. Cancer. 2019;125(S24):4598–601.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Torre LA, Trabert B, DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Samimi G, Runowicz CD, et al. Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(4):284–96.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lheureux S, Braunstein M, Oza AM. Epithelial ovarian cancer: evolution of management in the era of precision medicine. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(4):280–304.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Froyman W, Landolfo C, De Cock B, Wynants L, Sladkevicius P, Testa AC, et al. Risk of complications in patients with conservatively managed ovarian tumours (IOTA5): a 2-year interim analysis of a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(3):448–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hiett AK, Sonek JD, Guy M, Reid TJ. Performance of IOTA simple rules, simple rules risk assessment, ADNEX model and O-RADS in differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal lesions in North American women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2022;59(5):668–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Basha MAA, Metwally MI, Gamil SA, Khater HM, Aly SA, Sammak E. Comparison of O-RADS, GI-RADS, and IOTA simple rules regarding malignancy rate, validity, and reliability for diagnosis of adnexal masses. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(2):674–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rosati A, Gueli Alletti S, Capozzi VA, Mirandola M, Vargiu V, Fedele C, et al. Role of ultrasound in the detection of recurrent ovarian cancer: a review of the literature. Gland Surg. 2020;9(4):1092–101.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meys EM, Kaijser J, Kruitwagen RF, Slangen BF, Van Calster B, Aertgeerts B, et al. Subjective assessment versus ultrasound models to diagnose ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2016;58:17–29.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Timmerman D, Valentin L, Bourne TH, Collins WP, Verrelst H, Vergote I. Terms, definitions and measurements to describe the sonographic features of adnexal tumors: a consensus opinion from the international ovarian tumor analysis (IOTA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;16(5):500–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T, Ferrazzi E, Ameye L, Konstantinovic ML. Logistic regression model to distinguish between the benign and malignant adnexal mass before surgery: a multicenter study by the international ovarian tumor analysis group. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(34):8794–801.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T, Ameye L, Jurkovic D, Van Holsbeke C, et al. Simple ultrasound-based rules for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31(6):681–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Calster B, Van Hoorde K, Valentin L, Testa AC, Fischerova D, Van Holsbeke C, et al. Evaluating the risk of ovarian cancer before surgery using the ADNEX model to differentiate between benign, borderline, early and advanced stage invasive, and secondary metastatic tumours: prospective multicentre diagnostic study. BMJ. 2014;349(2):g5920.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andreotti RF, Timmerman D, Strachowski LM, Froyman W, Benacerraf BR, Bennett GL, et al. O-RADS US risk stratification and management system: A consensus guideline from the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal reporting and data system committee. Radiology. 2020;294(1):168–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo Y, Zhao B, Zhou S, Wen L, Liu J, Fu Y, et al. A comparison of the diagnostic performance of the O-RADS, RMI4, IOTA LR2, and IOTA SR systems by senior and junior Doctors. Ultrasonography. 2022;41(3):511–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee S, Lee JE, Hwang JA, Shin H, O-RADS US. A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of Category-specific malignancy rates. Radiology. 2023;308(2):e223269.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Dai X, Li W. Systematic review and Meta-Analysis of O-RADS ultrasound and O-RADS MRI for risk assessment of ovarian and adnexal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2023;221(1):21–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strachowski LM, Jha P, Chawla TP, Davis KM, Dove CK, Glanc P, et al. O-RADS for ultrasound: A user’s guide, from the AJR special series on radiology reporting and data systems. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021;216(5):1150–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strachowski LM, Jha P, Phillips CH, Blanchette Porter MM, Froyman W, Glanc P, et al. Radiology. 2023;308(3):e230685. O-RADS US v2022: An Update from the American College of Radiology’s Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US Committee.

Andreotti RF, Timmerman D, Benacerraf BR, Bennett GL, Bourne T, Brown DL, et al. Ovarian-Adnexal reporting lexicon for ultrasound: A white paper of the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal reporting and data system committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15(10):1415–29.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma X, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Ling W, Zhuo H, Jia H, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign ovarian tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;46(3):277–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xie WT, Wang YQ, Xiang ZS, Du ZS, Huang SX, Chen YJ, et al. Efficacy of IOTA simple rules, O-RADS, and CA125 to distinguish benign and malignant adnexal masses. J Ovarian Res. 2022;15(1):15.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Henderson JT, Webber EM, Sawaya GF. Screening for ovarian cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA. 2018;319(6):595–606.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shin KH, Kim HH, Kwon BS, Suh DS, Joo JK, Kim KH. Clinical usefulness of Cancer antigen (CA) 125, human epididymis 4, and CA72-4 levels and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm values for diagnosing ovarian tumors in Korean patients with and without endometriosis. Ann Lab Med. 2020;40(1):40–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anastasi E, Farina A, Granato T, Colaiacovo F, Pucci B, Tartaglione S, et al. Recent insight about HE4 role in ovarian Cancer oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Qing X, Liu L, Mao XA, Clinical Diagnostic. Value Analysis of Serum CA125, CA199, and HE4 in Women with Early Ovarian Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022:9339325.

Lycke M, Kristjansdottir B, Sundfeldt K. A multicenter clinical trial validating the performance of HE4, CA125, risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm and risk of malignancy index. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;151(1):159–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ultrasound Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application of intravenous contrast enhanced ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology(version2023). Chin J Ultrasonogr. 2023;32(7):553–65.

Google Scholar 

Yuan K, Huang YJ, Mao MY, Li T, Wang SJ, He DN, et al. Contrast-enhanced US to improve diagnostic performance of O-RADS US risk stratification system for malignancy. Radiology. 2023;308(2):e223003.

Article  Google Scholar 

Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P, et al. The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(4):695–700.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao L, Wei M, Liu Y, Fu J, Zhang H, Huang J, et al. Validation of American college of radiology Ovarian-Adnexal reporting and data system ultrasound (O-RADS US): analysis on 1054 adnexal masses. Gynecol Oncol. 2021;162(1):107–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jha P, Gupta A, Baran TM, Maturen KE, Patel-Lippmann K, Zafar HM, et al. Diagnostic performance of the Ovarian-Adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) ultrasound risk score in women in the united States. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(6):e2216370.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hack K, Gandhi N, Bouchard-Fortier G, Chawla TP, Ferguson SE, Li S, et al. External validation of O-RADS US risk stratification and management system. Radiology. 2022;304(1):114–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vara J, Manzour N, Chacón E, López-Picazo A, Linares M, Pascual MÁ, et al. Ovarian adnexal reporting data system (O-RADS) for classifying adnexal masses: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):3151.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su N, Yang Y, Liu Z, Gao L, Dai Q, Li J, et al. Validation of the diagnostic efficacy of O-RADS in adnexal masses. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):15667.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Cao L, Chen S, Zhou J. Diagnostic accuracy o