Gadgeel S, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Speranza G et al (2020) Updated analysis from KEYNOTE-189: pembrolizumab or placebo plus pemetrexed and platinum for previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 38:1505–1517. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.03136

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Socinski MA, Jotte RM, Cappuzzo F et al (2018) Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. N Engl J Med 378:2288–2301. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1716948

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paz-Ares L, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M et al (2021) First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 9LA): an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 22:198–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30641-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson ML, Cho BC, Luft A et al (2023) Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the phase III POSEIDON study. J Clin Oncol 41:1213–1227. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.00975

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barlesi F, Scherpereel A, Rittmeyer A et al (2013) Randomized phase III trial of maintenance bevacizumab with or without pemetrexed after first-line induction with bevacizumab, cisplatin, and pemetrexed in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: AVAPERL (MO22089). J Clin Oncol 31:3004–3011. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.42.3749

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J et al (2003) Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 21:2636–2644. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.136

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saito Y, Kobayashi M, Yamada T et al (2017) Premedication with intravenous magnesium has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Support Care Cancer 25:481–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3426-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iihara H, Abe M, Wada M et al (2024) 2023 Japan Society of clinical oncology clinical practice guidelines update for antiemesis. Int J Clin Oncol 29:873–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-024-02535-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Antiemesis, version 2, 2025, Available from: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/antiemesis.pdf, Accessed June 22, 2025

Gibson RJ, Keefe DMK (2006) Cancer chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea and constipation: mechanisms of damage and prevention strategies. Support Care Cancer 14:890–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-006-0040-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Larkin PJ, Cherny NI, La Carpia D et al (2018) Diagnosis, assessment and management of constipation in advanced cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Ann Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy148

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kimura S, Hosoya K, Ogata K et al (2021) Severity of constipation related to palonosetron during first-line chemotherapy: a retrospective observational study. Support Care Cancer 29:4723–4732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06023-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neves Duarte Lisboa I, Dantas De Sá Tinôco J, Dias Fernandes MIDC et al (2021) Constipation in chemotherapy patients: a diagnostic accuracy study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 22:3017–3021. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.9.3017

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pehlivan Z, Nural N (2022) Prevalence of constipation in patients undergoing chemotherapy and the effect of constipation on quality of life. Support Care Cancer 30:8019–8028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-07244-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aogi K, Takeuchi H, Saeki T et al (2021) Optimizing antiemetic treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in Japan: update summary of the 2015 Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis. Int J Clin Oncol 26:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01818-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suzuki K, Yamanaka T, Hashimoto H et al (2016) Randomized, double-blind, phase III trial of palonosetron versus granisetron in the triplet regimen for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after highly emetogenic chemotherapy: TRIPLE study. Ann Oncol 27:1601–1606. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw220

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miura S, Watanabe S, Sato K et al (2013) The efficacy of triplet antiemetic therapy with 0.75 mg of palonosetron for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in lung cancer patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 21:2575–2581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-013-1835-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsuji D, Nakagaki S, Yonezawa I et al (2024) A multicenter phase II trial of the triplet antiemetic therapy with palonosetron, aprepitant, and olanzapine for a cisplatin-containing regimen.—PATROL-I. Invest New Drugs 42:44–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-023-01414-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rakshith HT, Lohita S, Rebello AP et al (2023) Sex differences in drug effects and/or toxicity in oncology. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 4:100152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100152

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Davies A, Leach C, Caponero R et al (2020) MASCC recommendations on the management of constipation in patients with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 28:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05016-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dzierżanowski T, Mercadante S (2022) Constipation in cancer patients - an update of clinical evidence. Curr Treat Options Oncol 23:936–950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-022-00976-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mori H, Tack J, Suzuki H (2021) Magnesium oxide in constipation. Nutrients 13:421. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020421

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aziz I, Whitehead WE, Palsson OS et al (2020) An approach to the diagnosis and management of Rome IV functional disorders of chronic constipation. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:39–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2020.1708718

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rojas C, Raje M, Tsukamoto T et al (2014) Molecular mechanisms of 5-HT(3) and NK(1) receptor antagonists in prevention of emesis. Eur J Pharmacol 722:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.049

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hsu YC, Chen CY, Tam KW et al (2021) Effectiveness of palonosetron versus granisetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 77:1597–1609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-021-03157-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Likun Z, Xiang J, Yi B et al (2011) A systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous palonosetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Oncologist 16:207–216. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0198

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakamura H, Yokoyama H, Takayanagi R et al (2015) Theoretical evaluation of antiemetic effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for prevention of vomiting induced by cisplatin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 40:39–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-014-0175-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayashi H, Suzuki A, Ohata K et al (2017) Control of constipation in patients receiving CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy regimens for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Biol Pharm Bull 40:698–702. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b16-01001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ford AC, Suares NC (2011) Effect of laxatives and pharmacological therapies in chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 60:209–218. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2010.227132

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leung L, Riutta T, Kotecha J et al (2011) Chronic constipation: an evidence-based review. J Am Board Fam Med 24:436–451. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2011.04.100272

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sayuk GS, Yu QT, Shy C (2023) Management of constipation in hospitalized patients. J Clin Med 12:6148. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196148

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar