Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, et al. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: a report of the American college of Cardiology/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2024;149(1):e1–156.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, Casado-Arroyo R, Caso V, Crijns HJGM, ESC Scientific Document Group, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European association for Cardio-Thoracic surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3314–414.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldsweig AM, Glikson M, Joza J, Kavinsky CJ, Khalique O, Lakkireddy D, et al. SCAI/HRS clinical practice guidelines on transcatheter left atrial appendage occlusion. Heart Rhythm. 2025;2025 Aug 4(S1547–52712502508–1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.05.048. Epub ahead of print.

López-Mínguez JR, Nogales-Asensio JM, Infante De Oliveira E, De Gama Ribeiro V, Ruiz-Salmerón R, Arzamendi-Aizpurua D, et al. Long-term event reduction after left atrial appendage closure. Results of the Iberian registry II. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2019;72:449–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kapadia SR, Yeh RW, Price MJ, Piccini JP, Nair DG, Bansal A, et al. Outcomes with the WATCHMAN FLX in everyday clinical practice from the NCDR left atrial appendage occlusion registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2024;17:e013750.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pouru JP, Lund J, Jaakkola S, Vasankari T, Biancari F, Saraste A, et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in patients with prior intracranial bleeding and thromboembolism. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17:915–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ajmal M, Sipra QUAR, Pecci C, Iqbal N, Rathore S. Feasibility of left atrial appendage closure in atrial fibrillation patients with a history of intracranial bleeding: a systematic review of observational studies. J Interv Cardiol. 2020;2020:1575839.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garg J, Shah S, Shah K, Bhardwaj R, Contractor T, Mandapati R, et al. Left atrial appendage closure in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022;64:551–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lempereur M, Aminian A, Freixa X, Gafoor S, Shakir S, Omran H, et al. Left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous major Gastrointestinal bleeding (from the amplatzer cardiac plug multicenter Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:414–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallo F, Ronco F, D’Amico G, Della Rocca DG, Mazzone P, Bordignon S, et al. Clinical outcomes of left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with previous intracranial or Gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from the LOGIC (Left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with Gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding) international multicenter registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;101:1144–53.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Johnsen SP, Wester P, Damgaard D, Airaksinen J, Lund J, et al. Left atrial appendage occlusion versus standard medical care in patients with atrial fibrillation and intracerebral haemorrhage: a propensity score-matched follow-up study. EuroIntervention. 2017;13:371–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lille University Hospital. Avoiding anticoagulation after intracerebral haemorrhage (A3ICH) (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03243175).

Karolinska University Hospital. Prevention of stroke by left atrial appendage closure in atrial fibrillation patients after intracerebral hemorrhage. (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02830152).

Jena University Hospital. Comparison of LAA-Closure vs oral anticoagulation in patients with NVAF and status post intracranial bleeding. (CLEARANCE) (clinicaltrials.gov NCT04298723).

Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schulman S, Kearon C, Subcommittee on control of anticoagulation of the scientific and standardization committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:692–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brouillard P, Diallo EH, Masson JB, Raymond JM, Riahi M, Potter B, et al. Real-world management strategies of anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients after a clinically significant bleeding episode. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40:1283–90.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddy VY, Doshi SK, Kar S, Gibson DN, Price MJ, Huber K, et al. PREVAIL and PROTECT AF Investigators. 5-Year outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: from the PREVAIL and PROTECT AF trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:2964–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Osmancik P, Herman D, Neuzil P, Hala P, Taborsky M, Kala P, et al. PRAGUE-17 trial Investigators. Left atrial appendage closure versus direct oral anticoagulants in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:3122–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asami M, Naganuma T, Ohno Y, Tani T, Okamatsu H, Mizutani K, et al. Initial Japanese multicenter experience and age-related outcomes following left atrial appendage closure: the OCEAN-LAAC registry. JACC Asia. 2023;3:272–84.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar