Agur, T., Wedel, J., Bose, S., Sahankumari, A. G. P., Goodman, D., Kong, S. W., et al. (2022). Inhibition of mevalonate metabolism by statins augments the immunoregulatory phenotype of vascular endothelial cells and inhibits the costimulation of CD4(+) T cells. American Journal of Transplantation, 22(3), 947–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16872
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Balakumar, P., & Mahadevan, N. (2012). Interplay between statins and PPARs in improving cardiovascular outcomes: A double-edged sword? British Journal of Pharmacology, 165(2), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01597.x
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Björkhem, I., & Meaney, S. (2004). Brain cholesterol: Long secret life behind a barrier. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(5), 806–815. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000120374.59826.1b
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bogie, J. F. J., Haidar, M., Kooij, G., & Hendriks, J. J. A. (2020). Fatty acid metabolism in the progression and resolution of CNS disorders. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 159, 198–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.01.004
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chang, T. Y., Chang, C. C., Ohgami, N., & Yamauchi, Y. (2006). Cholesterol sensing, trafficking, and esterification. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 22, 129–157. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.104656
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen, W., Pendyala, S., Natarajan, V., Garcia, J. G., & Jacobson, J. R. (2008). Endothelial cell barrier protection by simvastatin: GTPase regulation and NADPH oxidase inhibition. American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 295(4), L575-583. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00428.2007
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cheng, L., Zhang, Y., Lv, M., Huang, W., Zhang, K., Guan, Z., et al. (2024). Impaired learning and memory in male mice induced by sodium arsenite was associated with MMP-2/MMP-9-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal apoptosis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 285, Article 117016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117016
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chua, N. K., Coates, H. W., & Brown, A. J. (2020). Squalene monooxygenase: A journey to the heart of cholesterol synthesis. Progress in Lipid Research, 79, Article 101033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101033
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Courtney, R., & Landreth, G. E. (2016). LXR regulation of brain cholesterol: From development to disease. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 27(6), 404–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.018
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dai, L., Zou, L., Meng, L., Qiang, G., Yan, M., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Molecular Neurobiology, 58(5), 2183–2201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02232-6
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Davignon, J. (2004). Beneficial cardiovascular pleiotropic effects of statins. Circulation, 109(23 Suppl 1), Iii39-43. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000131517.20177.5a
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Demarchi, F., Bertoli, C., Greer, P. A., & Schneider, C. (2005). Ceramide triggers an NF-kappaB-dependent survival pathway through calpain. Cell Death & Differentiation, 12(5), 512–522. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401592
Farkas, E., & Luiten, P. G. (2001). Cerebral microvascular pathology in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Progress in Neurobiology, 64(6), 575–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00068-x
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Farkas, E., Luiten, P. G., & Bari, F. (2007). Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: A model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Research Reviews, 54(1), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fu, L., Luo, T., Hao, Z., Pan, Y., Xin, W., Zhang, L., et al. (2025). Exploring novel roles of lipid droplets and lipid metabolism in regulating inflammation and blood-brain barrier function in neurological diseases. Front Neurosci, 19, 1603292. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1603292
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Furuse, M., Sasaki, H., & Tsukita, S. (1999). Manner of interaction of heterogeneous Claudin species within and between tight junction strands. Journal of Cell Biology, 147(4), 891–903. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.147.4.891
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Furuta, K., Guo, Q., Pavelko, K. D., Lee, J. H., Robertson, K. D., Nakao, Y., et al. (2021). Lipid-induced endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci143690
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gelissen, I. C., & Brown, A. J. (2017). An overview of cholesterol homeostasis. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1583, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6875-6_1
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gliozzi, M., Musolino, V., Bosco, F., Scicchitano, M., Scarano, F., Nucera, S., et al. (2021). Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacological Research, 163, Article 105215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Haidar, M., Loix, M., Bogie, J. F. J., & Hendriks, J. J. A. (2021). Lipophagy: A new player in CNS disorders. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 32(11), 941–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.010
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hirase, T., Staddon, J. M., Saitou, M., Ando-Akatsuka, Y., Itoh, M., Furuse, M., et al. (1997). Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Science, 110 (Pt(14), 1603–1613. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.14.1603
Hot, A., Lavocat, F., Lenief, V., & Miossec, P. (2013). Simvastatin inhibits the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects of IL-17 and TNF-α on endothelial cells. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 72(5), 754–760. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201887
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Huang, X., Sterling, N. W., Du, G., Sun, D., Stetter, C., Kong, L., et al. (2019). Brain cholesterol metabolism and Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 34(3), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27609
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Huang, X., Hussain, B., & Chang, J. (2021). Peripheral inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption: Effects and mechanisms. Cns Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 27(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13569
Huang, L., Zeng, F., Wei, H., Su, T., Su, Y., Lin, Y., et al. (2025). SOAT1 dysregulation in astrocytes drives Blood-Brain barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 128, 497–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2025.04.032
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Huber, J. D., Egleton, R. D., & Davis, T. P. (2001). Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier. Trends in Neurosciences, 24(12), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02004-x
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Iadecola, C. (2013). The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron, 80(4), 844–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008.
Comments (0)