Ando, S., Tanaka, Y., Toyoda, Y., & Kon, K. (2003). Turnover of myelin lipids in aging brain. Neurochemical Research, 28(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021635826032

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asadollahi, E., Trevisiol, A., Saab, A. S., Looser, Z. J., Dibaj, P., Ebrahimi, R., et al. (2024). Oligodendroglial fatty acid metabolism as a central nervous system energy reserve. Nature Neuroscience, 27(10), 1934–1944. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01749-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Attwell, D., & Laughlin, S. B. (2001). An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 21(10), 1133–1145. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200110000-00001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Auestad, N., Korsak, R. A., Morrow, J. W., & Edmond, J. (1991). Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis by astrocytes in primary culture. Journal of Neurochemistry, 56(4), 1376–1386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb11435.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bae, J., Joynes, C. M., Gong, Z., Duggan, M. R., Walker, K. A., & Bouhrara, M. (2025). Multi-omics validation of myelin water fraction as a myelin-specific MRI biomarker. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.27.25334582

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barnes-Velez, J. A., Aksoy Yasar, F. B., & Hu, J. (2023). Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (Cambridge), 4(1), Article 100360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bechler, M. E., Swire, M., & Ffrench-Constant, C. (2018). Intrinsic and adaptive myelination-A sequential mechanism for smart wiring in the brain. Developmental Neurobiology, 78(2), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/dneu.22518

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blaker, W. D., & Moscatelli, E. A. (1978). The effect of hibernation on the lipids of brain myelin and microsomes in the Syrian hamster. Journal of Neurochemistry, 31(6), 1513–1518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb06578.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blanchard, J. W., Akay, L. A., Davila-Velderrain, J., von Maydell, D., Mathys, H., Davidson, S. M., et al. (2022). APOE4 impairs myelination via cholesterol dysregulation in oligodendrocytes. Nature, 611(7937), 769–779. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05439-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bonetto, G., Kamen, Y., Evans, K. A., & Karadottir, R. T. (2020). Unraveling myelin plasticity. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, Article 156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00156

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boucanova, F., & Chrast, R. (2020). Metabolic interaction between Schwann cells and axons under physiological and disease conditions. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, Article 148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00148

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brown, A. M., & Ransom, B. R. (2007). Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism. Glia, 55(12), 1263–1271. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.20557

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Butterfield, D. A., & Lange, M. L. (2009). Multifunctional roles of enolase in Alzheimer’s disease brain: Beyond altered glucose metabolism. Journal of Neurochemistry, 111(4), 915–933. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06397.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Camargo, N., Goudriaan, A., van Deijk, A. F., Otte, W. M., Brouwers, J. F., Lodder, H., et al. (2017). Oligodendroglial myelination requires astrocyte-derived lipids. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e1002605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002605

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen, D., Huang, Y., Shi, Z., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, K., et al. (2020). Demyelinating processes in aging and stroke in the central nervous system and the prospect of treatment strategy. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 26(12), 1219–1229. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13497

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen, C. L., Zhang, L., Jin, Z., Kasumov, T., & Chen, Y. R. (2022). Mitochondrial redox regulation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 322(1), C12–C23. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00131.2021

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, Z., Li, M., Wu, C., Su, Y., Feng, S., Deng, Q., et al. (2024). Photobiomodulation therapy alleviates repeated closed head injury-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Journal of Biophotonics, 17(2), Article e202300343. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202300343

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng, X. T., Huang, N., & Sheng, Z. H. (2022). Programming axonal mitochondrial maintenance and bioenergetics in neurodegeneration and regeneration. Neuron, 110(12), 1899–1923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.015

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheng, Y. J., Wang, F., Feng, J., Yu, B., Wang, B., Gao, Q., et al. (2024). Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke. Brain, 147(4), 1294–1311. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae029

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collins, Gh., Websterhde, F., & Victor, M. (1964). The ultrastructure of myelin and axonal alterations in sciatic nerves of thiamine deficient and chronically starved rats. Acta Neuropathologica, 3, 511–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00688459

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Connolly, N. M. C., Theurey, P., & Pizzo, P. (2019). Glucose dysregulation in pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease. Aging (Albany NY), 11(15), 5296–5297. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102146

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Danzi, F., Pacchiana, R., Mafficini, A., Scupoli, M. T., Scarpa, A., Donadelli, M., et al. (2023). To metabolomics and beyond: A technological portfolio to investigate cancer metabolism. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 8(1), Article 137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01380-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Della-Flora Nunes, G., Mueller, L., Silvestri, N., Patel, M. S., Wrabetz, L., Feltri, M. L., et al. (2017). Acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate is not necessary for preservation of myelin. Glia, 65(10), 1626–1639. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23184

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Farmer, B. C., Walsh, A. E., Kluemper, J. C., & Johnson, L. A. (2020). Lipid droplets in neurodegenerative disorders. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, Article 742. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00742

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feng, S., Wu, C., Zou, P., Deng, Q., Chen, Z., Li, M., et al. (2023). High-intensity interval training ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology by regulating astrocyte phenotype-associated AQP4 polarization. Theranostics, 13(10), 3434–3450. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.81951

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fifield, K. E., & Vanderluit, J. L. (2020). Rapid degeneration of neurons in the penumbra region following a small, focal ischemic stroke. European Journal of Neuroscience, 52(4), 3196–3214. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14678

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fonteh, A. N., Cipolla, M., Chiang, J., Arakaki, X., & Harrington, M. G. (2014). Human cerebrospinal fluid fatty acid levels differ between supernatant fluid and brain-derived nanoparticle fractions, and are altered in Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS ONE, 9(6), Article e100519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100519

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Funfschilling, U., Supplie, L. M., Mahad, D., Boretius, S., Saab, A. S., Edgar, J., et al. (2012). Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity. Nature, 485(7399), 517–521. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11007