Tanguay PE. Autism in DSM-5. Am J Psychiatry 2011, 168: 1142–1144.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalueff AV, Stewart AM, Song C, Berridge KC, Graybiel AM, Fentress JC. Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016, 17: 45–59.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fuccillo MV. Striatal circuits as a common node for autism pathophysiology. Front Neurosci 2016, 10: 27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burke DA, Rotstein HG, Alvarez VA. Striatal local circuitry: A new framework for lateral inhibition. Neuron 2017, 96: 267–284.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lv D, Liu A, Yi Z, Mu M, Wu M, Li X. Neuroligin 1 regulates autistic-like repetitive behavior through modulating the activity of striatal D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons. Adv Sci 2025, 12: 2410728.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ramírez-Armenta KI, Alatriste-León H, Verma-Rodríguez AK, Llanos-Moreno A, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Tecuapetla F. Optogenetic inhibition of indirect pathway neurons in the dorsomedial striatum reduces excessive grooming in Sapap3-knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022, 47: 477–487.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Li C, Chen Q, van der Goes MS, Hawrot J, Yao AY, et al. Striatopallidal dysfunction underlies repetitive behavior in Shank3-deficient model of autism. J Clin Invest 2017, 127: 1978–1990.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benarroch EE. Intrinsic circuits of the striatum: Complexity and clinical correlations. Neurology 2016, 86: 1531–1542.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Varin C, de Kerchove d’Exaerde A. Neuronal encoding of behaviors and instrumental learning in the dorsal striatum. Trends Neurosci 2025, 48: 77–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nunes EJ, Addy NA, Conn PJ, Foster DJ. Targeting the actions of muscarinic receptors on dopamine systems: New strategies for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024, 64: 277–289.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hawes BE, van Biesen T, Koch WJ, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ. Distinct pathways of Gi- and Gq-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J Biol Chem 1995, 270: 17148–17153.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benarroch EE. Effects of acetylcholine in the striatum: Recent insights and therapeutic implications. Neurology 2012, 79: 274–281.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teitel A. Cholinergic activity of hyoscyamine. Nature 1961, 190: 814–815.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kohnen-Johannsen KL, Kayser O. Tropane alkaloids: Chemistry, pharmacology, biosynthesis and production. Molecules 2019, 24: 796.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Athnaiel O, Job GA, Ocampo R, Teneqexhi P, Messer WS, Ragozzino ME. Effects of the partial M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist CDD-0102A on stereotyped motor behaviors and reversal learning in the BTBR mouse model of autism. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022, 25: 64–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar