Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian RP, Borowitz MJ, Calvo KR, Kvasnicka HM, et al. International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood. 2022;140:1200–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, Akkari Y, Alaggio R, Apperley JF, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36:1703–19.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Itzykson R, Kosmider O, Renneville A, Gelsi-Boyer V, Meggendorfer M, Morabito M, et al. Prognostic score including gene mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:2428–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patnaik MM, Vallapureddy R, Lasho TL, Finke CM, Ketterling RP, Hanson CA. Extramedullary disease in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is associated with adverse outcomes: Mayo Clinic experience. Haematologica. 2021;106:1610–20.

Google Scholar 

Elena C, Galli A, Such E, Meggendorfer M, Germing U, Rizzo E, et al. Integrating clinical features and genetic lesions in the risk assessment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2016;128:1408–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoversten K, Vallapureddy R, Lasho T, Finke C, Ketterling R, Hanson C, et al. Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary manifestations of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: clinical, molecular and prognostic correlates. Leuk lymphoma. 2018;59:2998–3001.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gipe B, Arvanitis M, Patel V, Lamba R, Zhao S, Wang JC. Renal involvement in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a clinicopathologic study of 20 patients. Kidney Int Rep. 2023;8:1157–65.

Google Scholar 

Loghavi S, Zang C, Li Z, Hammond D, Chien K, Bataller A Multimodal assessment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with extramedullary involvement reveals RAS pathway activation, adverse outcomes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Blood. 2025;146:3838.

Montalban-Bravo G, Loghavi S, Li Z, Chien K, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Bataller A, et al. Landscape and clinicopathologic features of RAS pathway mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood Adv. 2025;9:5105–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qiao Y, Jian J, Deng L, Tian H, Liu B. Leukaemia cutis as a specific skin involvement in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and review of the literature: Acknowledgments. Transl Cancer Res. 2020;9:4988–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li F, Zhao J, Duan H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhao L, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum complicated with hematological malignancies: Two case reports. Med (Balt). 2024;103:e37159.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sung CC, Chang PY, Wu YY, Hsu YC, Chiang CP, Chen YC. Pyoderma gangrenosum as initial presentation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Eur J Haematol. 2009;82:410.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nadrous HFMJ, Decker PA, Ryu JH. Pulmonary manifestations of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a retrospective study of 55 patients. Chest. 2005;128:1406–14.

Google Scholar 

Attieh RM, Begum F, Chitty D, Izzedine H, Jhaveri KD. Kidney and urinary tract involvement in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Kidney Med. 2024;6:100769.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Terada Y, Nakayama T, Fukaya M. Membranous nephropathy associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Clin Nephrol. 2005;63:229–33.

Google Scholar 

Osserman EF, Lawlor DP. Serum and urinary lysozyme (muramidase) in monocytic and monomyelocytic leukemia. J Exp Med. 1966;124:921–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nolph KD, Schrier RW, Alfrey AC, Kleeman CR. Renal complications of myelomonocytic leukemia: the role of lysozyme. Ann Intern Med. 1972;77:911–8.

Google Scholar 

Lafargue MC, Bobot M, Rennke HG, Essig M, Carre M, Mercadal L, et al. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients with lysozyme nephropathy and renal infiltration display markers of severe disease. Kidney Int Rep. 2023;8:2733–41.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sugimoto T, Kume H, Ishida M. Ureteral obstruction caused by extramedullary involvement of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Intern Med. 2011;50:1035–9.

Google Scholar 

Selimoglu-Buet D, Wagner-Ballon O, Saada V, Bardet V, Itzykson R, Bencheikh L, et al. Characteristic repartition of monocyte subsets as a diagnostic signature of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2015;125:3618–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Such E, Cervera J, Costa D, Sole F, Vallespi T, Luno E, et al. Cytogenetic risk stratification in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Haematologica. 2011;96:375–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Savona MR G-MG, Mason CC. An international cohort study of azacitidine and decitabine outcomes in CMML. Blood. 2013;121:828–35.

Gospodaryov DV, Strilbytska OM, Semaniuk UV, Perkhulyn NV, Rovenko BM, Yurkevych IS, et al. Correction to: Alternative NADH dehydrogenase extends lifespan and increases resistance to xenobiotics in Drosophila. Biogerontology. 2020;21:173–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tremblay D, Csizmar C, DiNardo CD, Ball S, Rippel N, Hammond D, et al. Venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a propensity score matched multicenter cohort study. Leukemia. 2025;39:257–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Padron EPJ, Kunigal S, Mailloux AW, McGraw KL, McDaniel JM, Kim E, Kumar S, List AF, Komrokji R. A multi-institution phase I trial of ruxolitinib in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Blood. 2016;127:2224–31.

Google Scholar 

Symeonidis A, van Biezen A, de Wreede L, Piciocchi A, Finke J, Beelen D, et al. Achievement of complete remission predicts outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. A study of the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Br J Haematol. 2015;171:239–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao C, Huang XJ, Zhao XS, Wang Y, Yan CH, Xu LP, et al. [Impact of splenomegaly on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2020;41:308–12.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pophali P, Horna P, Lasho TL, Finke CM, Ketterling RP, Gangat N, et al. Splenectomy in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Indications, histopathological findings and clinical outcomes in a single institutional series of thirty-nine patients. Am J Hematol. 2018;93:1347–57.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Solary E, Itzykson R. How I treat chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood. 2017;130:126–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patnaik MM, Tefferi A. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2024;99:1142–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bataller A, Sasaki K, Urrutia S, Montalban-Bravo G, Bazinet A, Chien K, et al. Oral decitabine cedazuridine with and without venetoclax in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a propensity score-matched study. Blood Cancer J. 2025;15:50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Padron E, Dezern A, Andrade-Campos M, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Zhang Q, et al. A Multi-Institution Phase I Trial of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML). Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:3746–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hiwase D, Ross DM, Yeung DT, Yong AS, Lane SW, Brown A, et al. Durable responses observed in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated with lenzilumab and azacitidine. Blood. 2024;144:1006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aribi A, Mannis GN, Madanat YF, Jonas BA, Dunavin N, Roboz GJ, et al. A phase 1 study of IO-202, an anti-LILRB4 antibody, in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Neoplasia. 2025;2:100126.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar