Li Y, Liao Z, Wang Q, He W, Deng Y, Liu C (2025) Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in males and females of childbearing age in Chengdu, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 15:1566163. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1566163
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bhatta M, Majumdar A, Biswas S, Ghosh U, Ghosh P, Banerji P et al (2024) Sexually transmitted infections among key populations in India: systematic review with spatiotemporal distribution. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.06.24306926. medRxiv
Waltmann A, McKinnish TR, Duncan JA (2020) Nonviral sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy: current controversies and new challenges. Curr Opin Infect Dis 34:40–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000702
Dinu M, Hamoud BH, Amza M, Sima R, Conea I, Gorecki G et al (2024) Is chronic pelvic inflammatory disease an exclusively medical gynecological disease, or it may be a surgical challenge? Surg Tech Dev 13:301–312. https://doi.org/10.3390/std13030023
World Health Organization (2024) Chlamydia, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia. Accessed 7 Jul 2025
Yu J, Zhou Y, Luo H, Su X, Gan T, Wang J et al (2023) Mycoplasma genitalium infection in the female reproductive system: diseases and treatment. Front Microbiol 14:1098276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098276
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sethi S, Boris GDE, Sharma N, Kanaujia R, Roger KJ, De Dieu TJ (2024) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Mycoplasma genitalium infection in women in Western Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1–6. https://doi.org/10.25259/ijdvl_370_2024
Mahlangu MP, Müller EE, Venter JM, Maseko DV, Kularatne RS (2019) The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in symptomatic patients, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007–2014. Sex Transm Dis 46:395–399. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000984
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Matasariu D, Ursache A, Agache A, Mandici C, Boiculese V, Bujor I et al (2021) Genital infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum and its effect on pregnancy. Exp Ther Med 23:89. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11012
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Capoccia R, Greub G, Baud D (2013) Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Curr Opin Infect Dis 26:231–240. https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0b013e328360db58
Oliveira CM, Marques LM, De Medeiros DS, De Jesus Salgado V, Soares F, Magno L et al (2023) Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Salvador, Northeast Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 151:e170. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095026882300170x
Ross S, Pinto-Sander N, Iwuji C (2025) Diagnosis and management of gonorrhoea. BMJ 389:e084789. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-084789
Bambani T, Srivastava A, Saif S, Kedia N (2024) A comprehensive review on prevalence and its adverse outcome of Chlamydia trachomatis on female genital tract. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 13:768–775. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20240498
Nodjikouambaye ZA, Compain F, Sadjoli D, Bouassa RM, Péré H, Veyer D et al (2019) Accuracy of curable sexually transmitted infections and genital mycoplasmas screening by multiplex real-time PCR using a self-collected veil among adult women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2019:8639510. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8639510
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mbah CE, Jasani A, Aaron KJ, Akoachere J, Tita ATN, Geisler WM et al (2022) Association between Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis and secondary infertility in Cameroon: a case-control study. PLoS ONE 17:e0263186. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263186
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gomseu BED, Dadwal R, Tamokou J, Yadav R, Marbou WJT, Kuiate JR et al (2021) Molecular detection and genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis circulating in women of Western Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Int J Community Med Public Health 9:157. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214989
Ip SC, Lin S, Lai K (2015) An evaluation of the performance of five extraction methods: Chelex® 100, QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit, QIAamp® DNA Investigator Kit, QIAsymphony® DNA Investigator® Kit and DNA IQTM. Sci Justice 55:200–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2015.01.005
Rumyantseva T, Golparian D, Nilsson CS, Johansson E, Falk M, Fredlund H et al (2015) Evaluation of the new AmpliSens multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis. APMIS 123:879–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12430
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Anouar MM, Gomseu BED, Sharma N, Afreen S, Tsephel T, Hachim D et al (2025) Prevalence and risk factors of Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in pregnant women in seven hospitals in N’Djamena, Chad: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 15:e096775. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096775
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Luo X, Chen X, Liang Y, Chen W, Huang G, Xiang Y et al (2025) Infections of chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among the outpatients of reproductive medicine center in Chongqing, China: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 25:1216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11671-2
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shetty S, Kouskouti C, Schoen U, Evangelatos N, Vishwanath S, Satyamoorthy K et al (2021) Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in the era of genomic medicine. Braz J Microbiol 52:1327–1339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00533-z
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hu H, Zhou Y, Shi L, Lu J, Zhang Z, Xu et al (2021) High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending STD and gynecology clinics in Jiangsu province. China Med 100:e27599. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000027599
Kenyon C, Herrmann B, Hughes G, De Vries HJC (2023) Management of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in Europe: towards a differentiated, evidence-based approach. Lancet Reg Health Eur 34:100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100743
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Faye-Ketté H, La Ruche G, Ali-Napo L, Dosso M, Messou N, Viho I et al (2000) Genital mycoplasmas among pregnant women in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa: prevalence and risk factors. Int J STD AIDS 11:599–602. https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462001916452
Voufo RA, Maïdadi MF, Mbah EC, Esemu LF, Fouodji HP, Molu J et al (2020) Study on the gender prevalence and sensitivity of urogenital mycoplasmas to antibiotics in Yaoundé. Cameroon Sci Afr 8:e00372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00372
Compain F, Nodjikouambaye ZA, Sadjoli D, Moussa AM, Adawaye C, Bouassa RM et al (2019) Low prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections contrasting with high prevalence of Mycoplasma asymptomatic genital carriage: a community-based cross-sectional survey in adult women living in N’Djamena, Chad. Open Microbiol J 13:222–229. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010222
Nakku-Joloba E, Mboowa G, Ssengooba W, Kiyimba A, Kigozi E, Baluku H et al (2022) Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from individuals attending STD clinics in Kampala, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 22(3):62–71. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i3.8
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Andualem T, Belay G, Desta AF, Nigussie H, Mulu W, Desalegn A et al (2025) The burden of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, risky sexual behavior, and associated risk factors among sexually transmitted infections in a resource-limited setting area of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. Front Reprod Health 7:1601088. https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2025.1601088
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hazel A, Ponnaluri-Wears S, Davis GS, Low BS, Foxman B (2014) High prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeaein a remote, undertreated population of Namibian pastoralists. Epidemiol Infect 142:2422–2432. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003488
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lam PPH, Nguyen NH, Nguyen TTT, Trinh NB, Luong BA (2024) Mycoplasma genitalium prevalence, co-infection and macrolide resistance-associated mutations in Southern Vietnam. Infez Med 32. https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3202-10
Wasnik K, Mittal P, Ghope P, Sonkar SC, Arora G, Saluja D (2022) Multiple sexually transmitted co-infections are associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in asymptomatic adolescent pregnant women: a prospective cohort study. Front Med 9:1046233. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1046233
Comments (0)