Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7: 6
Cheng AL, Qin S, Ikeda M, Galle PR, Ducreux M, Kim TY, et al. Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2022;76:862–873
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, Chan SL, Kelley RK, Furuse J, et al. Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM Evid. 2022;1:EVIDoa2100070
Yau T, Galle PR, Decaens T, Sangro B, Qin S, da Fonseca LG, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2025;405:1851–1864
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69:182–236
Portolani N, Coniglio A, Ghidoni S, Giovanelli M, Benetti A, Tiberio GA, et al. Early and late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Ann Surg. 2006;243:229–235
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, Ohkubo T, Hasegawa K, Miyagawa S, et al. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol. 2003;38:200–207
Sakon M, Umeshita K, Nagano H, Eguchi H, Kishimoto S, Miyamoto A, et al. Clinical significance of hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis by disease-free survival curves. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1456–1459
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yoh T, Ishii T, Nishio T, Koyama Y, Ogiso S, Fukumitsu K, et al. A conceptual classification of resectability for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg. 2023;47:740–748
Kudo M, Kawamura Y, Hasegawa K, Tateishi R, Kariyama K, Shiina S, et al. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: JSH consensus statements and recommendations 2021 update. Liver Cancer. 2021;10:181–223
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kariyama K, Kawanaka M, Nouso K, Hiraoka A, Toyoda H, Tada T, et al. Fibrosis-3 index: a new score to predict liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without age as a factor. Gastroenterol Hepatol Adv. 2022;1:1108–1113
Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973;60:646–649
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hiraoka A, Michitaka K, Kumada T, Izumi N, Kadoya M, Kokudo N, et al. Validation and potential of albumin-bilirubin grade and prognostication in a nationwide survey of 46,681 hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Japan: the need for a more detailed evaluation of hepatic function. Liver Cancer. 2017;6:325–336
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Johnson PJ, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, Satomura S, Teng M, Reeves HL, et al. Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidence-based approach-the ALBI grade. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:550–558
Nouso K, Kawanaka M, Fujii H, Kariyama K, Toyoda H, Iwaki M, et al. Validation study of age-independent fibrosis score (fibrosis-3 index) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Res. 2024;54:912–920
Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software “EZR” for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48:452–458
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Peng SY, Chen WJ, Lai PL, Jeng YM, Sheu JC, Hsu HC. High alpha-fetoprotein level correlates with high stage, early recurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: significance of hepatitis virus infection, age, p53 and beta-catenin mutations. Int J Cancer. 2004;112:44–50
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Galle PR, Foerster F, Kudo M, Chan SL, Llovet JM, Qin S, et al. Biology and significance of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2019;39:2214–2229
Fan LF, Zhao WC, Yang N, Yang GS. Alpha-fetoprotein: the predictor of microvascular invasion in solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma and criterion for anatomic or non-anatomic hepatic resection. Hepatogastroenterology. 2013;60:825–836
Kim H, Jang M, Kim E. Exploring the multifunctional role of alpha-fetoprotein in cancer progression: implications for targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma and beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:4683
Poté N, Cauchy F, Albuquerque M, Voitot H, Belghiti J, Castera L, et al. Performance of PIVKA-II for early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prediction of microvascular invasion. J Hepatol. 2015;62:848–854
Bhatti ABH, Shafique U, Ahmed N, Abbas G, Atiq M, Zia HH, et al. Prothrombin-induced by vitamin K absence II as a prognostic factor in living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2025;15: 21900
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Miyagawa Y, Ishida K, Shimada R, Miyagawa S, et al. Prognostic significance of anatomical resection and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1999;86:1032–1038
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Imaoka Y, Ohira M, Kobayashi T, Honmyo N, Hamaoka M, Onoe T, et al. FIB-3 index as a novel age-independent predictor of liver fibrosis and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing hepatectomy. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2025;9:1055–1065
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jwo SC, Chiu JH, Chau GY, Loong CC, Lui WY. Risk factors linked to tumor recurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. Hepatology. 1992;16:1367–1371
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shirabe K, Kanematsu T, Matsumata T, Adachi E, Akazawa K, Sugimachi K. Factors linked to early recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: univariate and multivariate analyses. Hepatology. 1991;14:802–805
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhu Y, Gu L, Chen T, Zheng G, Ye C, Jia W. Factors influencing early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. J Int Med Res. 2020;48: 300060520945552
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kamiyama T, Nakanishi K, Yokoo H, Kamachi H, Tahara M, Kakisaka T, et al. Analysis of the risk factors for early death due to disease recurrence or progression within 1 year after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2012;10:107
Comments (0)