N.-G. Park, Perovskite solar cells: an emerging photovoltaic technology. Mater. Today 18(2), 65–72 (2015)
M.A. Green et al., Solar cell efficiency tables (version 62). Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 31, 651–663 (2023)
A. Kojima, K. Teshima, Y. Shirai, T. Miyasaka, Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(17), 6050–6051 (2009)
V. Sarritzu et al., Optical determination of Shockley-Read-Hall and interface recombination currents in hybrid perovskites. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 44629 (2017)
A. Sekkat et al., Circularity in Perovskite-Based Tandem Photovoltaics for Terawatt-Scale Deployment, arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.13991, ( 2026 )
P. Kumar, A. Kumar, Double perovskite tandem solar cells: design and performance investigation of the use of cabb and ccsc as top and bottom cell absorber materials. J. Electron. Mater. 53(6), 2736–2752 (2024)
N. Kaur, J. Madan, A. Perumal, R. Pandey, Current matched all perovskite tandem solar cells with low lead perovskites achieving 31.9% efficiency and enhanced stability. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 29724 (2025).
M.R. Hasan, M.M. Haque, M.S. Islam, Design and optimization of lead-free double-absorber perovskite solar cells using Cs2PtI6 and Cs2TiI6. Mater. Design. 265, 115962 (2026)
M.R. Mia, M. Amanullah, M.M. Haque, S.H. Cheragee, Design insights into eco-friendly K2TiI6/MASnI3 perovskite-based tandem solar cell. Micro Nanostruct. 204, 208150 (2025)
X. Zhang et al., Electrical Doping Regulation of Carrier Recombination Enhances the Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency beyond 28%. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 15(45), 11224–11233 (2024)
B. Das, I. Aguilera, U. Rau, T. Kirchartz, Effect of doping, photodoping, and bandgap variation on the performance of perovskite solar cells. Adv. Opt. Mater. 10(13), 2101947 (2022)
W. Cao et al., Defects and doping engineering towards high performance lead-free or lead-less perovskite solar cells. J. Energy Chem. 68, 420–438 (2022)
J. Liang, Y. Wang, X. Liu, J. Chen, L. Peng, J. Lin, Theoretical analysis of doping of perovskite light-absorbing layer for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 188, 111901 (2024)
H.-J. Park, H. Son, B.-S. Jeong, SCAPS-1D simulation for device optimization to improve efficiency in lead-free CsSnI3 perovskite solar cells. Inorganics 12(4), 123 (2024)
A. Filippetti et al., Fundamentals of tin iodide perovskites: a promising route to highly efficient, lead-free solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(19), 11812–11826 (2021)
B. Zhang, Z. Zeng, H. Dong, W. Gao, C. Ran, Recent advances in tin halide perovskite solar cells: a critical review. J. Mater. Chem. A 13(37), 30708–30754 (2025)
A. DI, VERA, Alternative halide perovskite structures for light-based applications, (2025 )
S. Sajid, S. Alzahmi, I.B. Salem, N. Tabet, Y. Haik, I.M. Obaidat, Desirable candidates for high-performance lead-free organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. Mater. Renew. Sustainable Energy. 13(1), 133–153 (2024)
H. Liu, S. Bansal, Pt and Pt-group transition metal 0D vacancy ordered halide perovskites: a review. Ecomat 6(11), e12492 (2024)
J. Yang et al., All-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbIBr2 and metal oxide transport layers with improved stability. Nanomaterials 9(12), 1666 (2019)
K. Bouferrache et al., Thermal, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of inorganic double perovskites semiconductors Cs2 (Sn, Pt, Te) I6 for application as intermediate-band solar cells. Solid State Commun. 389, 115522 (2024)
M. Burgelman, K. Decock, A. Niemegeers, J. Verschraegen, S. Degrave, SCAPS manual. Univ. Ghent: Ghent Belgium. 4, 1–151 (2016)
C. Walkons, R. Murshed, S. Bansal, Numerical analysis of Pb-free perovskite absorber materials: prospects and challenges. Solar RRL 4(10), 2000299 (2020)
Y. Gan et al., Numerical investigation energy conversion performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells using cell capacitance simulator. Energies 13(22), 5907 (2020)
S. Yang et al., Novel lead-free material Cs2PtI6 with narrow bandgap and ultra-stability for its photovoltaic application. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(40), 44700–44709 (2020)
N.K. Singh, A. Agarwal, V. Shrivastava, L.K. Awasthi, A computational examination of lead free Cs2PtI6 based perovskite solar cell with investigation of several carrier transport materials. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 282, 113430 (2025)
H. Shiel et al., Natural band alignments and band offsets of Sb2Se3 solar cells. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3(12), 11617–11626 (2020)
Q. Chen et al., Quantitative operando visualization of the energy band depth profile in solar cells. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 7745 (2015).
Y. Gan et al., Numerical analysis on the effect of the conduction band offset in dion–jacobson perovskite solar cells. Energies 16(23), 7889 (2023)
Y. Raoui, H. Ez-Zahraouy, S. Kazim, S. Ahmad, Energy level engineering of charge selective contact and halide perovskite by modulating band offset: mechanistic insights. J. Energy Chem. 54, 822–829 (2021)
D. Madadi, Achieving beyond 26.6% efficiency for graded bandgap perovskite solar cell: theoretical study. Mater. Chem. Phys. 308, 128231 (2023)
F. Ye et al., Minimizing Recombination at the Perovskite/C60 Interface through a Volatile Highly Dense Molecular Interlayer. ACS Energy Lett. 10, 2942–2951 (2025)
M. Najarpour, S. Matloub, Efficiency enhancement of dual-absorber EAGeI3/CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells via nanostructured interfaces and plasmonic nanoparticles. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 34720 (2025).
S. Bhattarai et al., Performance improvement of perovskite solar cell design with double active layer to achieve an efficiency of over 31%. Sustainability 15(18), 13955 (2023)
S. Bhattarai et al., Perovskite solar cells with dual light absorber layers for performance efficiency exceeding 30%. Energy Fuels. 37(14), 10631–10641 (2023)
M.F. Rahman, M.M. Tasdid, M.M. Fadhali, M. Sharma, M. Akermi, Unlocking Cesium based new double absorber perovskite solar cells with efficiency above 28% for next generation solar cell. Photonics Nanostruct. 64, 101371 (2025)
A. Chandrakar, A. Khare, Highly efficient dual-absorber BaZrS3/CaZrSe3 chalcogenide perovskite solar cells: A SCAPS-1D simulation study. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 37(13), 980 (2026)
G. Vishnupriya, P. Sathya, Computational study of a novel combination of dual-absorber structured perovskite solar cell with theoretical efficiency of 36.37%. Front. Energy Res. 13, 1631201 (2025)
M.A. Khatun, A. Imam, M.S. Mustak, R. Mia, Numerical simulation and optimization of CsPbI₃/CsSnI₃ dual-absorber solar cells: Effects of thickness and defect densities using SCAPS 1D. Next Energy. 11, 100554 (2026)
T.B. Dev, A. Srivani, S. Rajpoot, S. Dhar, Novel lead-free dual absorber based perovskite solar cells: efficient numerical harnessing towards high efficiency through SCAPS-1D. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 205, 112776 (2025)
M.F. Rahman et al., Unraveling high-efficiency lead-free perovskite solar cells using a CsSnGeI3/CsGeI3 dual absorber and a Cu2O HTL. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 42865 (2025)
W. Ke, M.G. Kanatzidis, Prospects for low-toxicity lead-free perovskite solar cells. Nat. Commun. 10(1), 965 (2019)
R. Chen, L. Chen, Z. Liang, Strategic doping in metal halide perovskites for thermoelectrics. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33(44), 2303774 (2023)
W. Fan et al., SCAPS-1D simulation and First-principles calculation of CsSnCl3 hole transport layer-free perovskite solar cells based on gradient doping. Mater. Today Commun. 40, 109750 (2024)
K. Tanaka et al., Structural and photoluminescence properties of Cs2PtCl6 based structures synthesized using Cs-containing aqueous solution. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.(2026)
Comments (0)