Naeem A, Abbas SH, Yousaf M, Ishtiaq A, Murtaza I. Global impact and strategies to reduce the mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Integrated science for sustainable development goal 3: empowering global wellness initiatives. Springer. 2024;283–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64288-3_12.
Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ouyang J, Wu D, Gan Y, et al. Unraveling the metabolic-epigenetic nexus: a new frontier in cardiovascular disease treatment. Cell Death Dis. 2025;16(1):183. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07525-z.
Alsaidan AA. Cardiovascular disease management and prevention in Saudi Arabia: strategies, risk factors, and targeted interventions. Int J Clin Pract. 2025;2025(1): 7233591.
Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025;151(8):e41-e660.
Consortium CAD, Deloukas P, Kanoni S, et al. Large-scale association analysis identifies new risk loci for coronary artery disease. Nat Genet. 2013;45(1):25–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2480.
Tadros R, Zheng SL, Grace C, et al. Large-scale genome-wide association analyses identify novel genetic loci and mechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Nat Genet. 2025:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02087-4.
Natarajan P, Young R, Stitziel NO, et al. Polygenic risk score identifies subgroup with higher burden of atherosclerosis and greater relative benefit from statin therapy in the primary prevention setting. Circulation. 2017;135(22):2091–101. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024436.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Greco CM, Condorelli G. Epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015;12(8):488–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.71.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dai W, Qiao X, Fang Y, et al. Epigenetics-targeted drugs: current paradigms and future challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-02039-0.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gagnidze K, Pfaff DW. Epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation and histone protein modification. Neuroscience in the 21st century: from basic to clinical. Springer. 2022;2677–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88832-9_69.
Papait R, Greco C, Kunderfranco P, Latronico MV, Condorelli G. Epigenetics: a new mechanism of regulation of heart failure? Basic Res Cardiol. 2013;108(4):361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-013-0361-1.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zaina S, Heyn H, Carmona FJ, et al. DNA methylation map of human atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2014;7(5):692–700. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000441.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Movassagh M, Choy MK, Goddard M, et al. Differential DNA methylation correlates with differential expression of angiogenic factors in human heart failure. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(1): e8564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008564.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Small EM, Olson EN. Pervasive roles of microRNAs in cardiovascular biology. Nature. 2011;469(7330):336–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09783.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhou H, Wang B, Yang YX, et al. Long noncoding RNAs in pathological cardiac remodeling: a review of the update literature. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019: 7159592. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7159592.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Holdt LM, Teupser D. Long noncoding RNA ANRIL: Lnc-ing genetic variation at the chromosome 9p21 locus to molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018;5: 145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2018.00145.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Handy DE, Castro R, Loscalzo J. Epigenetic modifications: basic mechanisms and role in cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2011;123(19):2145–56. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.956839.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sen P, Shah PP, Nativio R, Berger SL. Epigenetic mechanisms of longevity and aging. Cell. 2016;166(4):822–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.050.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Uchida S, Dimmeler S. Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Circ Res. 2015;116(4):737–50. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.302521.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Micheletti R, Plaisance I, Abraham BJ, et al. The long noncoding RNA Wisper controls cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(395): eaai9118. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9118.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schlesinger J, Schueler M, Grunert M, et al. The cardiac transcription network modulated by Gata4, Mef2a, Nkx2.5, Srf, histone modifications, and microRNAs. PLoS Genet. 2011;7(2): e1001313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001313.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tang Z, Alrumaihi F, Alwanian WM, et al. The future of cardiology: integrating single-cell transcriptomics with multi-omics for enhanced cardiac disease insights. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2025;50(4): 103005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103005.
Chew NWS, Loong SSE, Foo R. Epigenetics in cardiovascular health and disease. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2023;197:105–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.002.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rose NR, Klose RJ. Understanding the relationship between DNA methylation and histone lysine methylation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1839(12):1362–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.02.007.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fuks F, Hurd PJ, Wolf D, et al. The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 links DNA methylation to histone methylation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(6):4035–40. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M210256200.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lee HT, Oh S, Ro DH, Yoo H, Kwon YW. The key role of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in epigenetics of atherosclerosis. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2020;9(3):419–34. https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.419.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang Z, Cao Y, Zhai Y, et al. MicroRNA-29b regulates DNA methylation by targeting Dnmt3a/3b and Tet1/2/3 in porcine early embryo development. Dev Growth Differ. 2018;60(4):197–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12537.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Trotman JB, Braceros KCA, Cherney RE, Murvin MM, Calabrese JM. The control of polycomb repressive complexes by long noncoding RNAs. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2021;12(6): e1657. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1657.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fabris F. Conrad Hal Waddington (1905–1975). Evolutionary developmental biology: a reference guide. Springer. 2021;299–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32979-6_30.
Suleiman FMS. The role of epigenetics in disease mechanisms: understanding gene-environment interactions. Eurasian J Theor Appl Sci (EJTAS). 2025;57–71.
Farsetti A, Illi B, Gaetano C. How epigenetics impacts on human diseases. Eur J Intern Med. 2023;114:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2023.05.036.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sarno F, Benincasa G, List M, et al. Clinical epigenetics settings for cancer and cardiovascular diseases: real-life applications of network medicine at the bedside. Clin Epigenetics. 2021;13:1–38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-021-01047-z.
Ji Y, Chen Z, Cai J. Roles and mechanisms of histone methylation in vascular aging and related diseases. Clin Epigenetics. 2025;17(1):35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01842-y.
Comments (0)