Benedict RHB, Amato MP, DeLuca J, Geurts JJG (2020) Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: clinical management, MRI, and therapeutic avenues. Lancet Neurol 19(10):860–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30277-5
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Elwick H, Smith L, Mhizha-Murira JR et al (2022) Cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical care: a qualitative evaluation of stakeholder perceptions and preferences. Neuropsychol Rehabil 32(7):1456–1474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2021.1899942
Mortensen GL, Theódórsdóttir Á, Sejbæk T, Illes Z (2020) Patient attitudes to routine cognitive testing in multiple sclerosis. Patient Prefer Adherence 14:693–704. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S245623
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Macaron G, Farah N, Charbonneau S et al (2025) Addressing patient-reported cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis clinical practice: a challenging endeavor. Mult Scler 31(8):896–904. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585251334488
Freedman DE, Oh J, Kiss A et al (2024) The influence of depression and anxiety on cognition in people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis. J Neurol 271(8):4885–4896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12409-x
Kever A, Meza C, Feinstein A (2025) Cannabis and cognitive function in Multiple Sclerosis: findings from a large consecutive clinical sample. Eur J Neurol 32(7):e70142. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.70142
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kletenik I, Alvarez E, Honce JM, Valdez B, Vollmer TL, Medina LD (2019) Subjective cognitive concern in multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced thalamic and cortical gray matter volumes. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 5(1):2055217319827618. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055217319827618
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zivadinov R, Bergsland N, Jakimovski D et al (2024) Thalamic atrophy and dysconnectivity are associated with cognitive impairment in a multi-center, clinical routine, real-word study of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage Clin 42:103609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103609
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lorefice L, Carta E, Frau J et al (2020) The impact of deep grey matter volume on cognition in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 45:102351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102351
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Glukhovsky L, Brandstadter R, Leavitt VM et al (2021) Hippocampal volume is more related to patient-reported memory than objective memory performance in early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 27(4):568–578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520922830
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Nabizadeh F, Pirahesh K, Azami M et al (2024) T1 and T2 weighted lesions and cognition in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 119:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2023.11.014
Gil-González I, Martín-Rodríguez A, Conrad R, Pérez-San-Gregorio MÁ (2020) Quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. BMJ Open 10(11):e041249. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041249
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Macaron G, Baldassari LE, Nakamura K et al (2020) Cognitive processing speed in multiple sclerosis clinical practice: association with patient-reported outcomes, employment and magnetic resonance imaging metrics. Eur J Neurol 27(7):1238–1249. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14239
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Ozakbas S, Turkoglu R, Tamam Y et al (2018) Prevalence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: multi-center, controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord 22:70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.03.009
Tunmore J, Kontou E, Moghaddam N, Hufton L, Das Nair R (2023) The association between the multiple sclerosis screening questionnaire and objective measures of cognition: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 45(2):197–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2023.2213847
Charest K, Tremblay A, Langlois R, Roger É, Duquette P, Rouleau I (2020) Detecting subtle cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis with the montreal cognitive assessment. Can J Neurol Sci 47(5):620–626. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.97
Benedict RH, Munschauer F, Linn R et al (2003) Screening for multiple sclerosis cognitive impairment using a self-administered 15-item questionnaire. Mult Scler 9(1):95–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1352458503ms861oa
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Miller DM, Bethoux F, Victorson D et al (2016) Validating Neuro-QoL short forms and targeted scales with people who have multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 22(6):830–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458515599450
O’Brien A, Gaudino-Goering E, Shawaryn M, Komaroff E, Moore NB, DeLuca J (2007) Relationship of the multiple sclerosis neuropsychological questionnaire (MSNQ) to functional, emotional, and neuropsychological outcomes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 22(8):933–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2007.07.002
Henneghan A, Stuifbergen A, Becker H, Kullberg V, Gloris N (2017) Perceived cognitive deficits in a sample of persons living with Multiple Sclerosis. J Neurosci Nurs 49(5):274–279. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0000000000000314
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bassett SS, Folstein MF (1993) Memory complaint, memory performance, and psychiatric diagnosis: a community study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 6(2):105–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/089198879300600207
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Brodaty H, Aerts L, Crawford JD et al (2017) Operationalizing the diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment: the salience of objective measures in predicting incident dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 25(5):485–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2016.12.012
Molinuevo JL, Rabin LA, Amariglio R et al (2017) Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies. Alzheimers Dement 13(3):296–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.012
van Dam M, Röttgering JG, Nauta IM et al (2025) Understanding the complex network of objectively assessed cognition and self-reported psychological symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 31(1):93–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585241302173
Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al (2018) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 17(2):162–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2
Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33(11):1444–1452. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Wechsler D (2001) Wechsler Test of Adult Reading: WTAR. Psychological Corporation, Washington, DC
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67(6):361–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Sullivan MJ, Edgley K, Dehoux E (1990) A survey of multiple sclerosis: I. perceived cognitive problems and compensatory strategy use. Can J Rehabil 4(2):99–105
Benedict RH, Fischer JS, Archibald CJ et al (2002) Minimal neuropsychological assessment of MS patients: a consensus approach. Clin Neuropsychol 16(3):381–397. https://doi.org/10.1076/clin.16.3.381.13859
Benedict RH, Cookfair D, Gavett R et al (2006) Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis
Comments (0)