Thierry Passeron has received grants and/or honoraria from AbbVie, ACM Pharma, Almirall, Amgen, Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calypso, Celgene, Clinuvel, Galderma, Genzyme/Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, UCB, and Vyne Therapeutics; is the cofounder of NIKAIA Pharmaceuticals; and has patents on WNT agonists or GSK3b antagonist for repigmentation of vitiligo and on the use of CXCR3B blockers in vitiligo. Amit G. Pandya has served as an investigator for Avita, Clinuvel, and Incyte; a consultant for AbbVie, Avita, Boehringer Ingelheim, Incyte, Lilly, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, Thalocan, Villaris, Vimela, Vyne, and WCG; and has partial ownership of Tara Medical. Khaled Ezzedine is a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte Corporation, La Roche-Posay, Lilly, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, and Sanofi. Nanja van Geel received grants and/or is a consultant and/or investigator for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Merck/MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Takeda; and is chair of the Vitiligo Task Force for the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). Lois Erskine, Leandro L. Santos, and Zhenyi Xue are employees and shareholders of Incyte. Andrew Blauvelt has served as a speaker (received honoraria) for Almirall, Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, Sanofi, and UCB; has served as a scientific advisor (received honoraria) for AbbVie, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee, Arcutis, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, Khanda Therapeutics, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Oruka, Pfizer, Re-AIM, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB; and owns stock in Lipidio and Oruka.

The trial was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, study protocol, applicable Good Clinical Practice, and local regulatory requirements. An institutional review board or independent ethics committee approved the study protocol and amendments at each site. All patients provided written informed consent before participating in the trial, including for publication of clinical photos.