Walkden GJ, Gill H, Davies NM, Peters AE, Wright I, Pickering AE (2020) Early childhood general anesthesia and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children birth cohort. Anesthesiology 133(5):1007–1020. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003522
Meng C, Yao X-q, Chang R-j, Wang S-l, Wang X, Ma D-q et al (2020) Exogenous GM1 ganglioside attenuates Ketamine-Induced neurocognitive impairment in the developing rat brain. Anesth Analg 130(2):505–517. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004570
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Wu Z, Li X, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao P (2020) Maternal Sevoflurane exposure affects differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells by regulating miR-410-3p and ATN1. Stem Cell Res Ther 11(1):423. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01936-9
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dai J, Li X, Wang C, Gu S, Dai L, Zhang J et al (2021) Repeated neonatal Sevoflurane induced neurocognitive impairment through NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis. J Neuroinflammation 18(1):180. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02233-9
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Noguchi KK, Johnson SA, Dissen GA, Martin LD, Manzella FM, Schenning KJ et al (2017) Isoflurane exposure for three hours triggers apoptotic cell death in neonatal macaque brain. Br J Anaesth 119(3):524–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aex123
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lin EP, Lee J-R, Lee CS, Deng M, Loepke AW (2017) Do anesthetics harm the developing human brain? An integrative analysis of animal and human studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 60:117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.008
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Andropoulos DB (2018) Effect of anesthesia on the developing brain: infant and fetus. Fetal Diagn Ther 43(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1159/000475928
Sun LS, Li G, Miller TL, Salorio C, Byrne MW, Bellinger DC et al (2016) Association between a single general anesthesia exposure before age 36 months and neurocognitive outcomes in later childhood. JAMA 315(21):2312–2320. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.6967
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Anju Gupta SG, Nishkarsh G (2020) Safety of anesthetic exposure on the developing brain– Do we have the answer yet? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 36(2):149–155. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_229_19
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
FDA approves label (2017)
Zhao Y, Qin F, Liu Y, Dai Y, Cen X (2022) The safety of Propofol versus Sevoflurane for general anesthesia in children: A Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Surg 9:92464. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.924647
Zeeni C, Karam CJ, Kaddoum RN, Aouad MT (2020) Propofol use in children: updates and controversies. Minerva Anestesiol 86(4):433–444. https://doi.org/10.23736/s0375-9393.19.14022-9
H MLPY, IR. N HHP (2012) Propofol neurotoxicity is mediated by p75 neurotrophin receptor activation. Anesthesiology 116(2):352–361. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318242a48c
Milanovic D, Pesic V, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Avramovic V, Tesic V, Jevtovic-Todorovic V et al (2017) Neonatal Propofol anesthesia changes expression of synaptic plasticity proteins and increases stereotypic and anxyolitic behavior in adult rats. Neurotox Res 32(2):247–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9730-0
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Alexander S, Kairalla JA, Gupta S, Hibbitts E, Weisman H, Anghelescu D et al (2024) Impact of Propofol exposure on neurocognitive outcomes in children with High-Risk B ALL: A children’s oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 42(22):2671–2679. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.23.01989
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Margiotta A, Bucci C (2019) Coordination between Rac1 and Rab proteins: functional implications in health and disease. Cells 8(5):396. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8050396
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shi Y, Bollam Saumya R, White Shannon M, Laughlin Sean Z, Graham Garrett T, Wadhwa M et al (2016) Rac1-Mediated DNA damage and inflammation promote Nf2 tumorigenesis but also limit Cell-Cycle progression. Dev Cell 39(4):452–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2016.09.027
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Barbosa S, Greville-Heygate S, Bonnet M, Godwin A, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Kajava AV et al (2020) Opposite modulation of RAC1 by mutations in TRIO is associated with distinct, Domain-Specific neurodevelopmental disorders. Am J Hum Genet 106(3):338–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.018
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wang X, Liu D, Wei F, Li Y, Wang X, Li L et al (2020) Stress-Sensitive protein Rac1 and its involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders. Neural Plast 2020:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8894372
Cookson MR, Raz L, Zhang Q-G, Zhou C-f, Han D, Gulati P et al (2010) Role of Rac1 GTPase in NADPH oxidase activation and cognitive impairment following cerebral ischemia in the rat. PLoS ONE 5(9):e12606. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012606
XUZE LI, ZHIFANG ZHAO, LINING HUANG, RONGTIAN KANG, XUEFANG LIU (2018) The anti-apoptotic effect of nerve growth factor on propofol-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons is Rac1 dependent. Pharmazie 73:706–710. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2018.8726
Haga RB, Ridley AJ (2016) Rho gtpases: regulation and roles in cancer cell biology. Small GTPases 7(4):207–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/21541248.2016.1232583
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cheng K-C, Chen Y-H, Wu C-L, Lee W-P, Cheung CHA, Chiang H-C (2021) Rac1 and Akt exhibit distinct roles in mediating Aβ-Induced memory damage and learning impairment. Mol Neurobiol 58(10):5224–5238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02471-1
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gong H-Y, Zheng F, Zhang C, Chen X-Y, Liu J-J, Yue X-Q (2016) Propofol protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in ischemic brain injury by increasing GLT-1 expression and inhibiting the activation of NMDAR via the jnk/akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 38(3):943–950. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2663
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Vutskits L, Xie Z (2016) Lasting impact of general anaesthesia on the brain: mechanisms and relevance. Nat Rev Neurosci 17(11):705–717. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.128
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li X, Wei K, Hu R, Zhang B, Li L, Wan L et al (2017) Upregulation of Cdh1 attenuates Isoflurane-Induced neuronal apoptosis and Long-Term cognitive impairments in developing rats. Front Cell Neurosci 11:368. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00368
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gill H, Pickering AE (2021) The effects of Xenon on Sevoflurane anesthesia-induced acidosis and brain cell apoptosis in immature rats. Paediatr Anaesth 31(3):372–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.14076
Li H, Dai CL, Gu JH, Peng S, Li J, Yu Q et al (2019) Intranasal administration of insulin reduces chronic behavioral abnormality and neuronal apoptosis induced by general anesthesia in neonatal mice. Front Neurosci 13:706. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00706
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xu C, Niu JJ, Zhou JF, Wei YS (2019) MicroRNA-96 is responsible for sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats via inhibiting IGF1R. Brain Res Bull 144:140–148.
Comments (0)